{"draftJsState":{"blocks":[{"data":{"image":{"id":"64bf546695af6837f3069a3b"}},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"atomic:image","key":"7pop8"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"С возвращением ребята!!! По-прежнему изучаем Linux. Сегодня я узнал новые вещи, которыми я делюсь прямо сейчас. Поехали дальше.","type":"unstyled","key":"6nm8q"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Разные группы и групповые команды","type":"header-three","key":"m3am"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":16,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"cat /etc/passwd: используется для проверки добавленных пользователей.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"brb2q"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ cat /etc/passwd\nroot:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\ndaemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin\nbin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin\nsys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin\nsync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync\ngames:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin\nman:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin\nlp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin\nmail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin","type":"blockquote","key":"ahdss"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"...\nkmoni:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/kmoni:/bin/bash","type":"blockquote","key":"9mgc0"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"anointed_ken:x:1001:1001:Kenneth Aigbuza,,,:/home/anointed_ken:/bin/bash","type":"blockquote","key":"d3b3o"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":5,"offset":43,"style":"ITALIC"},{"length":12,"offset":51,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"Внимательно посмотрев на вывод, вы найдёте kmoni и anointed_ken внизу. Это два (2) доступных пользователя. Каждый с другим идентификатором.","type":"unstyled","key":"edpai"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":27,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"sudo adduser : используется для добавления нового пользователя.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"94jg8"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Вы должны установить новый пароль для добавленного пользователя.","type":"unstyled","key":"6mkqc"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":26,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"sudo groupadd : используем для создания новой группы.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"6ur4g"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":23,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"sudo passwd : используем для изменения пароля пользователя.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"2v342"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":14,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"cat /etc/group: используем для просмотра созданных групп.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"25dta"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ cat /etc/group\nroot:x:0:\ndaemon:x:1:\nbin:x:2:\nsys:x:3:\nadm:x:4:syslog,punisher\ntty:x:5:syslog\ndisk:x:6:\nlp:x:7:\nmail:x:8:\nnews:x:9:","type":"blockquote","key":"5221o"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"...\nsunny:x:1004","type":"blockquote","key":"8aiar"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"computing:x:1005","type":"blockquote","key":"70ao9"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Вы можете видеть, что созданная группа \"computing\" находится только в последней строке вывода команды.","type":"unstyled","key":"f9k8r"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":38,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"},{"length":6,"offset":160,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"sudo usermod -g : используем, чтобы добавить пользователя в группу, и вы можете проверить выполнение предыдущей команды используя команду groups:","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"93hv2"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ sudo usermod -g computing sunny","type":"blockquote","key":"fevqf"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ groups sunny","type":"blockquote","key":"kc03"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sunny : computing","type":"blockquote","key":"7s2hb"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Пользователи и разрешения","type":"header-three","key":"7nr4h"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":5,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"ls -l: печатает файлы в формате длинного списка.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"caee1"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"В деталях показано разрешение на папки и файлы.","type":"unstyled","key":"4jop5"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":56,"offset":713,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"$ ls -l\ntotal 248\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 kmoni kmoni 4096 Feb 16 18:16 Desktop\ndrwxrwxr-x 3 kmoni kmoni 4096 Feb 16 18:07 Distr\ndrwxr-xr-x 4 kmoni kmoni 4096 Jul 25 17:20 Documents\ndrwxr-xr-x 4 kmoni kmoni 4096 May 24 18:35 Downloads\ndrwxrwxr-x 9 kmoni kmoni 4096 Aug 2 2020 gems\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 kmoni kmoni 4096 Apr 5 2020 Music\ndrwxr-xr-x 4 kmoni kmoni 4096 May 25 19:20 Pictures\ndrwxrwxr-x 6 kmoni kmoni 4096 Aug 2 2020 projects\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 kmoni kmoni 4096 Apr 5 2020 Public\ndrwx------ 6 kmoni kmoni 4096 Aug 25 2022 snap\ndrwxrwxr-x 2 kmoni kmoni 4096 May 3 17:11 sources\ndrwxr-xr-x 2 kmoni kmoni 4096 Apr 5 2020 Templates\ndrwxrwxr-x 2 kmoni kmoni 4096 Apr 18 2020 tmp\ndrwxrwxr-x 4 kmoni kmoni 4096 Aug 12 2021 z-project","type":"blockquote","key":"9859l"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":55,"offset":0,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"-rw-r--r-- 1 kmoni kmoni 12 Jun 8 2021 zz-top.txt","type":"blockquote","key":"69euc"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":63,"offset":0,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"-rw-r--r-- 1 kmoni kmoni 130 Jun 17 2021 zz-top-lyrics.txt","type":"blockquote","key":"1d43g"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Давайте посмотрим на вывод команды и узнаем, что означает каждая деталь. Я буду использовать первую строку, чтобы объяснить детали.","type":"unstyled","key":"fm4s4"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":53,"offset":1,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"\"drwxr-xr-x 2 kmoni kmoni 4096 Feb 16 18:16 Desktop\"","type":"unstyled","key":"8gffc"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Вы заметите, что имя \"kmoni\" появляется дважды. Первый \"kmoni\" означает имя пользователя, а второй \"kmoni\" — имя группы.","type":"unstyled","key":"bk13r"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\"d\" означает каталог, т.е. здесь мы имеем дело с каталогом, а \"Desktop\" - это каталог.","type":"unstyled","key":"8tvac"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":5,"offset":69,"style":"ITALIC"},{"length":5,"offset":125,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"\"rwx\" первые 3 буквы после \"d\" - это разрешение, данное пользователю kmoni. Следующий \"r-x\" — это разрешение, данное группе kmoni. в то время как последний \"r-x\" - это разрешение, данное \"другим\".","type":"unstyled","key":"3qrrj"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\"r\" означает чтение.","type":"unstyled","key":"umcm"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\"w\" означает запись.","type":"unstyled","key":"a6b4d"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\"x\" означает выполнение.","type":"unstyled","key":"fggn8"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"С этим, я полагаю, мы можем расшифровать остальные детали из вывода команды, которую мы сделали раньше.","type":"unstyled","key":"1qub8"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":54,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"sudo chown : :используем, чтобы полностью изменить владельца из деталей, которые у нас были ранее, давайте изменим владельца имени файла \"zz-top.txt\":","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"1vs0l"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":6,"offset":29,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"$ sudo chown sunny:computing zz-top.txt","type":"blockquote","key":"ch4rh"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ ls -l","type":"blockquote","key":"63ngk"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"...","type":"blockquote","key":"bm935"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"-rw-r--r-- 1 sunny computing 12 Jun 8 08:11 zz-top.txt","type":"blockquote","key":"b2agh"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"...","type":"blockquote","key":"cccbe"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Вы заметили изменения??","type":"unstyled","key":"17tr1"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":37,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"sudo chown : используем, чтобы изменить пользователя-владельца файла.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"afm3n"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":34,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"sudo chgrp : используем для смены владельца группы.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"v1qg"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":31,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"},{"length":11,"offset":136,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"sudo chmod -permission filename: используем для удаления определённого разрешения из файла. Давайте удалим разрешение на чтение (r) из zz-top.txt:","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"3doqv"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ sudo chmod -r zz-top.txt","type":"blockquote","key":"4m4hh"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ ls -l","type":"blockquote","key":"d3vg9"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"...","type":"blockquote","key":"768id"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":58,"offset":0,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"--w------- 1 sunny computing 12 Jun 8 08:11 zz-top.txt","type":"blockquote","key":"86pa8"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":3,"offset":0,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"...","type":"blockquote","key":"ft9ti"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":37,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"},{"length":18,"offset":122,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"sudo chmod g- : используем для удаления разрешения у группы. Давайте удалим read(r) из группы для zz-top-lyrics.txt:","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"f07b6"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ sudo chmod g-r zz-top-lyrics.txt","type":"blockquote","key":"aauno"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"$ ls -l","type":"blockquote","key":"74ndi"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"...","type":"blockquote","key":"8p3si"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":63,"offset":0,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"-rw----r-- 1 kmoni kmoni 130 Jun 17 2021 zz-top-lyrics.txt","type":"blockquote","key":"1fddb"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"...","type":"blockquote","key":"cj8de"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":37,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"sudo chmod u- : используем для удаления разрешения у пользователя.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"9ikh8"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":37,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"sudo chmod g+ : используем, чтобы добавить разрешение для группы.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"igt2"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Это всё на сегодня. ДЕНЬ 6 ЗАГРУЖАЕТСЯ. СПАСИБО РЕБЯТА!!!","type":"unstyled","key":"87att"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":44,"offset":0,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"Перевод с некоторыми авторскими заголовками.","type":"unstyled","key":"1603c"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":9,"offset":6},{"key":1,"length":15,"offset":17}],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":33,"offset":0,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"Автор оригинала: Kenneth Aigbuza.","type":"unstyled","key":"5v5p3"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"marker","key":"JjrCJJNW7jEzqVh6Cohw"}],"entityMap":{"0":{"data":{"url":"https://dev.to/kennethstack/still-on-exploring-linux-commandday-5-3l1b"},"mutability":"MUTABLE","type":"LINK"},"1":{"data":{"url":"https://dev.to/kennethstack"},"mutability":"MUTABLE","type":"LINK"}}},"mentions":[]}