What is propaganda? What we know? To begin with, what we positively know by now is that state-sponsored propaganda has exploded with the rise of social media and the numbers are staggering. To put it into context, only 20.7 million people watched the evening news broadcasts of ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox stations in 2016 . We also know that the classical understanding of propaganda as the “management of collective attitudes by the manipulation of significant symbols” still stands. What we don’t know? Intriguingly, despite the explosion of channels, botnets and content involved in digital disinformation, what we do not firmly know, is whether digital propaganda is actually successful. Certainly, the promotion of echo-chambers of hate and the online escalation of political polarization are tangible effects of digital propaganda, which cannot be ignored. What we should know? In view of the disruptive effects that digital propaganda has on societal discourse, it is important to know how to (counter)-react to systematic campaigns and efforts that seek to promote disinformation.Defensive counter-strategies are useful for exposing patterns of digital propaganda, identifying nodes of influence in the disinformation network and improving media literacy about how propaganda works and how not to play its game.
3 года назад