СфераЖизни

Задание 1. Дополните схему «Источники загрязнения атмосферы». Приведите примеры физического загрязнения атмосферы. Задание 2. Заполните схему «Физические загрязнители» Задание 7. Дополните схему «Меры улучшения качества окружающей среды»...

IV. Выполните практические задания: Задание 1. Дополните схему «Источники загрязнения». Задание 2. Заполните таблицу «Источники и примеры загрязнителей». Задание 4. Заполните схему «Классификация биологических загрязнителей»...

Good afternoon! Case problem 11.1. What is the approximate duration of each wave in this recording? Hint for answer 11.1. If the frequency of the waveform is 20 Hz (20 waves per second), then the duration of each wave is 1/20 sec, or 50 msec. Case problem 11.2. Supposing that a patient from who this trace was recorded had a mild form of epilepsy, with the only symptom being vivid visual hallucinations. Where on the patient’s head was this measurement most likely taken? Hint for answer 11.2. The primary...

Good afternoon! Case problem 10.1. What would happen if a significant number of glomerular capillaries were clogged, as can happen in someone with very high blood glucose concentrations for a long period of time (for example, in untreated diabetes mellitus)? Answer 10.1. The glomerular filtration rate would be greatly decreased. This would result in a decrease in the removal of toxic substances from the blood. As you will learn, kidney disease is a common and troubling consequence of long-term untreated diabetes mellitus...

Good afternoon! Case problem 9.1. A patient suffering from cholera, a disease that causes severe diarrhea, produces 12 liters of watery feces in one day, despite ingesting only 1.5 liters of water and 500 grams of solid food. Where does the extra water come from? Hint for answer 9.1. The large quantities of fluid that exit the body in diarrheal illnesses are not simply due to ingested fluids and foods not being absorbed. Large volumes of fluid entering the tract across the intestinal wall come from the body’s interstitial fluid and plasma compartments...

Good afternoon! Case problem 8.1. Estimate the hematocrit of a person with a plasma volume of 3 l and total blood volume of 4.5 l. Hint for answer 8.1. The hematocrit would be 33% because the red blood cell volume is the difference between total blood volume and plasma volume (4.5 − 3.0 = 1.5 L), and hematocrit is determined by the fraction of whole blood that is red blood cells (1.5 L/4.5 L = 0.33, or 33%). Case problem 8.2. Predict how the blood flow to these various areas might change in a resting person just after eating a large meal...

Good afternoon! Case problem 7.1. What consequences would result if inflammation caused a buildup of fluid in the alveoli and interstitial spaces? Hint for answer 7.1. The rate of diffusion of gases between the air and the capillaries may be decreased due to the increased resistance to diffusion. Case problem 7.2. How can a collapsed lung be re-expanded in a patient with a pneumothorax? (Hint: What changes in Pip and Ptp would be needed to re-expand the lung?) Hint for answer 7.2. A tube is placed through the chest wall into the now enlarged pleural space...

Good afternoon! Case problem 5.1. Referring to part (b) of the figure, make a prediction about the relative size of the brain region devoted to processing lip sensations versus that for the brain region that processes sensations from the skin of your back. Hint for answer 5.1. Although the skin area of your lips is much smaller than that of your back, the much larger number of sensory neurons originating in your lips requires a larger processing area within the somatosensory cortex of your brain...

Good afternoon! 5.1. What is the role of the eyelids? Answer 5.1. The eyelids protect the eyes. 5.2. Which four accessory glands or structures help lubricate the eye? Answer 5.2. The tarsal glands, ciliary glands, conjunctiva, and lacrimal glands all contribute to lubricating the eye, though their secretions differ. 5.3. What is the role of lysozyme in tears? Answer 5.3. Lysozyme is a component of tears that helps to destroy bacteria and protect the eye from infection. 5.4. What is the visual role of the external eye muscles? Answer 5...

Good afternoon! Case problem 4.1. What is the advantage of packaging peptide hormones in secretory vesicles? Hint for answer 4.1. By storing large amounts of hormone in an endocrine cell, the plasma concentration of the hormone can be increased within seconds when the cell is stimulated. Such rapid responses may be critical for an appropriate response to a challenge to homeostasis. Packaging peptides in this way also prevents intracellular degradation. Case problem 4.2. A patient is observed to have...

Good afternoon, dear students! Posted here case problems with pictures in topic "Physiology of the central nervous system Case problem 3.1. Describe how the central and peripheral nervous systems illustrate the general principle of physiology that information flow between cells, tissues, and organs is an essential feature of homeostasis and allows for integration of physiological processes. Hint for answer 3.1. Information in the form of electrical signals moves in both directions between the CNS and PNS...

Hi all! I present to your attention case problems with pictures and solutions to them. Case problem 2.1. The general principle of physiology that structure is a determinant of - and has coevolved with function can be considered at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels. How is this principle illustrated by the binding of messengers to their receptors? Hint for answer 2.1. The structures of both the messenger and its receptors determine their ability to bind to each other with specificity. It is the binding of a messenger to a receptor that causes the activation (function) of the receptor...