Какие меры: виды спорта и питание могут снизить диастолическое давление?

Краткий ответ

Диастолическое артериальное давление можно снизить с помощью диеты DASH, различных форм физической активности, таких как аэробные нагрузки, ходьба, интервальные тренировки, футбол и бег, или комбинированных изменений образа жизни. Снижение может составлять от 1 до 9,6 мм рт. ст. в зависимости от подхода.

Обзор

Диетические меры, занятия спортом и комбинированные изменения образа жизни снижают диастолическое артериальное давление. В исследованиях по питанию диета DASH — с ограничением натрия или без него, снижением веса или увеличением потребления фруктов и овощей — снижает диастолическое давление примерно на 1–9,6 мм рт. ст. Например, в одном исследовании сообщалось о снижении на 6,4 мм рт. ст. при комбинации DASH и физической активности, а в другом было отмечено снижение на 9,6 мм рт. ст. при аналогичной комбинации.

Исследования физических нагрузок сообщают о пользе аэробной активности, ходьбы, интервальных тренировок и таких видов спорта, как футбол и бег. Снижение обычно составляет от 4 до 7 мм рт. ст., при этом в одном исследовании с футбольными тренировками было достигнуто снижение на 9 мм рт. ст. В испытаниях, сочетающих стратегии питания и физической активности, обычно наблюдалось снижение примерно от 3 до 6,6 мм рт. ст.

В нескольких работах отмечается, что такие вмешательства дают больший эффект у групп с гипертонией и высоким риском, таких как афроамериканцы и женщины в постменопаузе.

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Список литературы

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