RJOAS February 2025
by Perdana Adhi Surya, Hariadi Sunarru Samsi, Witjaksono Roso (Doctoral Study Program of Extension and Development Communication, Graduate School, University of Gadjah Mada, Indonesia)
Nepal Van Java tourism as an attraction of colourful houses with the beauty of the slopes of Mount Sumbing. The increasing number of tourist visits, the increasing volume of waste generation, so it is necessary to encourage active group participation. The urgency of this research has the aim of analysing the awareness of maintaining cleanliness supported by self-efficacy and social interaction towards wise waste management. The research method is quantitative, the object of respondents who are members of five local community groups, the sample size is 286 people, the sampling technique is systematic simple random sampling and the research location is purposive sampling, data analysis is carried out pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression. The results research, the strength of the relationship between self-efficacy and social interaction has a weak category, while the factors that influence self-efficacy and social interaction on wise waste management have a very important influence on maintaining environmental cleanliness. In conclusion, self-efficacy and social interaction towards wise waste management are important aspects in increasing interest in tourist visits, supported by the regulation of the hamlet head who requires village cleaning every Friday to create a clean, beautiful and comfortable environment for tourists.
Current tourism activities, post the new normal era, are experiencing mass changes, emphasizing the experience of village attractions with panoramic views of natural splendor in Magelang Regency as tourism. According to Law Number 10 in the definition of tourism, namely everything that has uniqueness, beauty and value in the form of natural, cultural and man-made wealth which is a tourist destination or destination, tourist attraction and tourist area. Tourist attractions, hereinafter referred to as tourist destinations and natural tourism, basically display the beauty of natural and agricultural panoramas. Community development innovation needs to be driven by consumer needs which can maintain the existence of village youth, continue to contribute to the existence of agriculture, strengthen village food and be able to encourage rural economic growth based on sustainable development values, become a synergy of agriculture with modern tourism as part of efforts to maintain agricultural cultivation and increase interest. tourist visits that contribute to the welfare of rural communities (Schilling et al, 2012; Sandt et al, 2018; Palmi & Lezzi 2020; Brune et al, 2021). Nature tourism captivates the beauty of the countryside with a panoramic view of Mount Sumbing in the Butuh Hamlet, Temanggung Village, Kaliangkrik District, nicknamed Nepal Van Java, similar to the settlement at the foot of the Nepalese Himalayas.
Butuh Hamlet is located in the highest village in Magelang Regency and is a natural tourist destination that follows of topography, architecture and layout mountains with enchanting views. Nepal Van Java tourist destination with demands for rural development as a tourist destination that looks at the meaning of tourism starting from life cycle, contingent value, tourism experience, destination quality and image of the tourist destination (Vela, 2009). The Nepal Van Java natural tourism phenomenon has a focus on planning, counseling, mentoring and implementing natural resource development to benefit local communities with self-efficacy and social interaction with active community participation in maintaining the cleanliness of the Nepal Van Java tourist attraction which can have a positive impact in increasing awareness of people wisely manage waste. Community-based tourism that emphasizes the involvement of local community groups in encouraging clean tourism and increasing economic benefits for regions and communities based on empowering local communities is village tourism (Kemenparekraf & ILO, 2012; Counchil, 2016; Adikampana, 2017; Herdiana, 2019).
In connection with this explanation, Temanggung Tourism Village with the Nepal Van Java tourist attraction in Butuh Hamlet as the highest hamlet (1,620 meters above sea level) has become a viral natural tourist destination. Data on visits from the Magelang Regency Tourism and Sports Department in 2021 explains that the number of visits was 19,127 tourists in January 2021. The number is increasing. Tourist visits will have an impact on the resulting waste generation in line with data on waste generation per person of around 500 grams, so the potential waste generation that will occur is 9,563.50 kilograms. Natural tourism activities need to preserve the environment and must not conflict with conservation principles and natural regulations which can result in various problems with natural conditions (Mustaniroh et al, 2023). The tendency for the impact of tourist visits to increase with increasing waste generation means that public awareness efforts are needed on the self-efficacy and social interaction of local communities as a form of responsibility for preserving nature. Based on the problems above, the aim of this research is to try to analyze the increase in awareness of maintaining cleanliness which needs to be strengthened with self-efficacy and social interaction regarding wise waste management in order to create a clean environment at the Nepal Van Java tourist attraction.
This research was carried out using quantitative research methods, meaning that the research method looks at a physical phenomenon with a deductive mindset, intending to test hypotheses from field observations, exploring data that can be measured using questionnaire instruments for respondents (Mather, 2007), location The research was conducted in Butuh Hamlet, Kaliangkrik District, Temanggung Village, Magelang Regency, based on the existence of the Nepal Van Java tourist attraction, the target sample as the location and research object was deliberately in accordance with the researcher's objectives (purposive sampling), namely the tourism awareness group (Pokdarwis), youth group, farmer group (Poktan), women farming groups (KWT) and family welfare empowerment (PKK), the research population was 1,335 people while the research sample taken was 286 people with a sampling technique carried out using systematic simple random sampling with details of sample distribution.
Research data collection techniques emphasize aspects of objective measurement, mathematical and statistical accuracy that describe field realities through observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Data processing uses the scoring method, likert scale, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression tests using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 24 test tools. Pearson correlation test analysis is used to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy and social interaction, while multiple linear regression analysis is used to analyze the factors that influence influences wise waste management (dependent) on self-efficacy and social interaction (independent) with the equation model.
Hypothesis 1:
- H0: It is suspected that there is no strong relationship between self-efficacy and social interaction on wise waste management in Nepal Van Java tourism (sig 2-tailed < α 0.050);
- Ha: It is suspected that there is a strong relationship between self-efficacy and social interaction on wise waste management in Nepal Van Java tourism (sig 2-tailed > α 0.050).
Hypothesis 2:
- H0: It is suspected that there is non significant influence on self-efficacy and social interaction on wise waste management in Nepal Van Java tourism (sig < α 0.050);
- Ha: It is suspected that there is significant influence on self-efficacy and social interaction on wise waste management in Nepal Van Java tourism (sig > α 0.050).
The steps for the influence of the independent variables, that is self-efficacy and social interaction with reliability tests, validity tests, simultaneous and partial determination tests, are as follows:
- Validity testing is carried out to find out whether the items presented in the questionnaire are truly able to explain clearly and thoroughly. The validity testing criteria used are Corrected Item Total Correlation (CITC) > R table 0.116 then it is valid, conversely if Corrected Item Total Correlation (CITC) < R table 0.116 then it is not valid;
- Reliability testing is carried out to see reliability if the sample answers to questions on the questionnaire as a construct are consistent from time to time with the following criteria;
- The determinant test (R square), namely the regression model, can be explained using the coefficient of determination (KD = r2 x 100%), if the greater the Rsquare value, the better the model (the R square value is closer to 1, the better the regression model for wise waste management).
- The Simultaneous Test (F Test) needs to be carried out in planned research by designing questions specifically aimed at finding out whether there is a simultaneous influence of the independent variable on the dependent. The test criteria used are if the probability value p value < α (0.050) then Ha is accepted, otherwise if p value > α (0.050) then Ha is rejected. The F test can be carried out by comparing the values of F count and F table, if Fcount > Ftable then Ha is accepted, meaning that the variable self-efficacy (X1) and social interaction (X2) have an effect on the wise waste management variable (Y), conversely if Fcount < Ftable then Ha is rejected This means that statistically the data has no effect on all variables of self-efficacy (X1) and social interaction (X2) on the wise waste management variable (Y).
- A multiple regression test was carried out in this research to analyze the influence of self-efficacy and social interaction on wise waste management to maintain the cleanliness of the Nepal Van Java tourist attraction. The test criteria used are if sig > α (0.050) then Ha is rejected, otherwise if sig < α (0.050) then Ha is accepted.
The theoretical framework of this research uses social learning theory and self-efficacy, which states that how a person views their abilities is a key component in how they think, act and feel, as well as the concept of model imitation in social learning, which explains how people can behave and act according to environmental situations. Hygiene behaviour encompasses various forms of action by local people in terms of self-efficacy and social interactions that can be observed in their daily activities in a local area. The unit of behaviour of maintaining cleanliness in the form of acts or actions that lead to a goal and can be identified by direct observation, regardless of the content of the act itself, is called a behaviour episode and is based on Kurt Lewin's formulation, namely B = f (P, E), (where B is behaviour, f is a function, P is a person and E is an environment), through on notes and records of observations in various activities, especially in rural areas (Hines et al, 1986; Schoggen et al., 1989; Lewin, 1997; Bandura, 1997; Bandura, 2002). Based on the theoretical framework, a research framework was developed using the variables of self-efficacy, social interaction and wise waste management.
The Nepal Van Java tourist attraction has the potential for beautiful panoramic views of the splendor of Mount Sumbing, colorful houses and other artificial destinations that attract the attention of tourists, the attraction of tourists wanting to visit becomes cohesive and ideal which intends to become a tourist attraction and becomes a very important factor (Haneef, 2017) Interest in tourist visits is increasing which will have an impact on public awareness of keeping the natural environment clean, self-efficacy and social interaction towards wise waste management. Based on interviews obtained using research questionnaires with respondents, the results of the validity and reliability test of research data were obtained.
Based on Table 3, the results obtained from the reliability test are 0.644, which means that it is quite reliable and the validity test of wise waste management, self-efficacy and social interaction with the results of data analysis is valid, so it can be said that the research variables are quite reliable and can be trusted to be used as the basis for this research. The community tries to keep the surrounding environment clean due to self-efficacy and social interactions so that it is comfortable to look at and be seen when tourists visit (Singgalen et al, 2019; Putri et al, 2024). The Nepal Van Java tourism activity maintains and improves the quality of cleanliness so that it remains beautiful and comfortable depending on how strong the relationship between self-efficacy and social interaction of the local community is (see Table 4).
Based on Table 4, the condition of the relationship between self-efficacy and social interaction is that the Pearson correlation results are 0.340 and sig 0.000 (sig < α 0.050 meaning significant) which means there is a strong relationship between self-efficacy and social interaction in wise waste management in Nepal Van Java tourism. (sig 2-tailed > α 0.050) with the strength of the relationship in the weak category, this condition occurs because the local community carries out routine community service activities to clean the hamlet on Fridays around 05.00 - 06.30 AM in the environment around the house and then collect rubbish in the rubbish bins that have been provided.
As many as nine location points according to the number of neighborhood units (RT), as well as strengthening the regulations of the Head of Butuh Hamlet requiring environmental cleanliness on Friday s and if they do not do so they will be subject to sanctions that have been agreed upon by the local community. Direct involvement of local communities has the aim of strengthening the capacity of residents in make plans, take decisions, and take real action to improve the conditions of local communities (Cavestro, 2003). Participation in the cleanliness of the hamlet environment is routinely carried out due to the implementation of hamlet regulations and sanctions that bind the local community, so that compliance can be realized consciously and is forced to be carried out routinely to maintain the cleanliness of the Butuh Hamlet environment.
The development of special tourism that focuses on preserving the natural environment is a priority which has an impact on the involvement of local communities around it and is able to maintain relationships between humans and humans, such as the implementation of Tri Hita Karana (Wiwin, 2019). The increase in tourism growth in Nepal Van Java is balanced by the majestic natural beauty of Mount Sumbing and the need to prepare for the massive increase in waste produced in tourist destinations. The development of tourism-related attraction activities in rural areas can have a measurable positive impact on the quality of life of local residents, employment opportunities, growth of business networks and the regional economy. However, negative impacts can also occur, including public spaces and facilities full of tourists, inconvenience to the lives of local communities, security problems, environmental damage, increased volume of waste, and excessive consumption of resources by tourists (Cialdini, 2003; Almeida et al, 2016). There is public awareness as an effort to maintain the comfort and cleanliness of the environment by implementing wise waste management starting from the availability of rubbish bins, the cleanliness of tourist attractions, the cleanliness of places of worship, the cleanliness of public toilets and community service in cleaning up the environment of Butuh Hamlet from rubbish, so it is necessary to analyze how strong self-efficacy and interaction are. social responsibility on wise waste management (see Table 5).
Based on Table 5, the Pearson correlation test of social interaction and self-efficacy towards wise waste management, the results show that the strength of the relationship between wise waste management and self-efficacy of 0.445 (weak category); wise waste management and social interaction of 0.481 (weak category); and social interaction and self-efficacy of 0.340 (weak category). It can be said that the strength of the relationship between social interaction and self-efficacy towards wise waste management in the weak category is strengthened by the results of the determination test (see Table 6).
Based on Table 6, the determination test for social interaction and self-efficacy in wise waste management obtained an Adjusted R Square result of 0.316 (weak category), which means that the variable social interaction and self-efficacy in wise waste management is 31.600 percent and the remaining 68.400 percent is influenced by factors. others outside this research. The influence of other factors outside this research has a big impact on wisely managing waste in the Nepal Van Java tourist destination so that it is clean and beautiful. Many tourists choose to travel to rural locations because it allows them to spend time outside and interact with natural activities, agrotourism, ecotourism and rural experiences are all part of rural tourism (Kort, 2008; Ginting et al, 2016) supported by the results of the interaction Anova test social and self-efficacy in wise waste management which have a simultaneous influence (see Table 7).
Based on Table 7, the Anova test of social interaction and self-efficacy towards wise waste management explains the results of the calculation of the F count value (66.946) > F table (3.028) and the sig value 0.000 < α 0.050 (significant effect), so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted which means that efficacy self (X1) and social interaction (X2) influence the wise waste management variable (Y). It can be concluded that self-efficacy (X1) and social interaction (X2) have a simultaneous influence on realizing wise waste management. The results of this Anova serve as discourse for deciding the next steps in the cleanliness improvement process (Singalen et al., 2019). Local communities can be involved in various ways, such as outreach to the community to provide learning for local communities (most of whom earn their living as farmers), organizing cleanliness management in local business applications, absorbing employment opportunities in the tourism industry, managing tourist attractions and destination land. tourist attractions as well as park and land management (Partington & Totten, 2012; Walkowski et al, 2019; Stockert, 2020). Supported by a multiple linear regression test of self-efficacy and social interactions on wise waste management (see Table 8).
Based on Table 8, test of social interaction and self-efficacy in wise waste management with the results of the self-efficacy model (X1) sig value 0.000 < α 0.050 (real influence) and tcount 6.115 > ttable 2.829 (real influence) while the social interaction model (X2) sig value 0.000 < α 0.050 (significantly influential) and t count 7.160 > t table 2.829 (significantly influential). Furthermore, the results of the regression analysis of self-efficacy (0.000 < α 0.050) and social interaction (0.000 < α 0.050) have a real effect, so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted which means there is a real influence on self-efficacy and social interaction on wise waste management in Nepal Van Java tourism with the multiple linear regression equation Y=0.616+0.398X1+0.836X2+e has a constant meaning of 0.616 stating that if there is no value there is self-efficacy (X1) and social interaction (X2), then the value of wise waste management (Y) is 0.616. The regression coefficient for the self-efficacy variable (X1) is 0.398, which means that for every additional 1 value of the variable X1, the value of the wise waste management variable (Y) increases by 0.398. The regression coefficient for the social interaction variable (X2) of 0.836 means that for every additional 1 value of the variable X2, the value of the waste management wise variable (Y) increases by 0.836. The regression coefficient for the self-efficacy variable (X1) is 0.398 and the social interaction variable (X2) is 0.836. Together, this means that for every additional value of the variables X1 and X2, the value of the wise waste management variable (Y) increases by 1.234. Local communities in Nepal Van Java adopt social learning on personal situations, behavior and the hamlet environment in order to maintain cleanliness from the increasing volume of waste generation by local residents around the hamlet, and encourage active participation and take more responsible action by local communities in supporting routine hamlet clean activities, through social interaction and self-belief in the wise management of waste in rural tourism objects on increasing their understanding, benefits, awareness and involvement in maintaining cleanliness in the expansion of tourism destinations as rural tourist destinations (Lewin, 1997; Bandura, 1997; Bandura, 2002; Okech et al, 2012, Rahman et al, 2024). The behaviour of local communities to maintain cleanliness through the results of learning and experience controlled by the regulations of the hamlet head in relation to environmental cleanliness with hamlet clean activities routinely carried out every Friday in carrying out an action and followed by negative consequences (e.g. reprimand/fine) if not carrying out hamlet clean activities, because rural tourism in Nepal Van Java tourist attraction while maintaining the cleanliness of the surrounding environment has an important role in increasing tourist visits, able to create jobs and increase household income of local residents and the welfare of local community group members.
Increasing public awareness of keeping the environment clean at the Nepal Van Java tourist attraction remains clean and is carried out routinely on Fridays due to the Hamlet Head's regulations which require all the people of Butuh Hamlet to carry out routine community service, even though the strength of the relationship between self-efficacy and social interaction is in the weak category and there are many other factors that have not been researched that can influence community groups to wisely manage waste.
The influence of self-efficacy and social interaction of local community groups in maintaining the cleanliness of the environment of the Nepal Van Java tourist attraction has a very positive influence on the implementation of wise waste management by involving local community groups to work together and work together to keep Nepal Van Java clean, beautiful and comfortable for tourists to visit.
The authors would like to thank the Indonesia Endowment Funds for Education (LPDP) and the Center for Higher Education Funding (BPPT) for supporting the successful financing of international journals as funders/sponsors of international publications.
Original paper, i.e. Figures, Tables, References, and Authors' Contacts available at http://rjoas.com/issue-2025-02/article_11.pdf