What Must Be Rejected in Postmodernism? — Let us now identify the features of Postmodernism likely responsible for its totalitarian turn: — Progressivism, now paradoxical: “progress” means the dismantling of belief in utopia and the future. This could be called “black progressivism” or the “Dark Enlightenment” (Nick Land) — Materialism, redefined as the apex of postmodernist doctrine, surpassing older, more “idealistic” materialisms. A new “real” materialism must be justified (Deleuze, Kristeva) — Relativism, in which all universals, taxonomies, and hierarchies are rejected, even as relativism itself becomes dogma (Lyotard, Negri & Hardt) — Post-structuralism, seeking to overcome structuralism’s limitations, especially its inability to accommodate historical and social dynamism (Foucault, Deleuze, Barthes) — Radical critique of Tradition, viewed (especially by Hobsbawm) as a bourgeois fiction, a narcotic for the people. This erases any sovereign ontology of spirit. — New universalism,