Structuralism Structuralism is compelling because it restores the priority of language — again, the domain of the subject — over non-linguistic reality. This subverts positivism’s faith in real objects and their atomic facts. While groundbreaking in linguistics, logic, and philology, this view mirrors traditional society’s veneration of the Logos, of the ontology of speech and reason. Although the assertion of a sovereign textual ontology may appear grotesque, in the positivist context — conscious or unconscious — it revives pre-nominalist, realist attitudes. The medieval debate over universals essentially pitted those who affirmed the autonomous ontology of names (realists and idealists) against the nominalists who denied it. Thus, structuralism — although born in a different philosophical and cultural context — resonates with realism and idealism and with Premodern thought. Moreover, considering the ties between leading structuralists — such as Trubetzkoy and Jakobson, founders of