Дорогие друзья!
Я снова создала для вас урок из раздела reading на английском языке, теперь о жизни и творчестве Фриды Кало!
Сначала читаем текст, затем изучаем полезные слова и выражения (их можно даже прослушать) и в конце проделываем упражнения.
BEARS: THEIR KINDS AND WAY OF LIFE
Bears are one of the most fascinating creatures in the animal kingdom, known for their size, strength, and adaptability. Found in a variety of environments, from lush forests to icy tundras, these powerful animals have distinct habits, appearances, and habitats that make them unique.
Types of Bears
The bear family, known scientifically as Ursidae, consists of eight species, each adapted to its environment and lifestyle:
- Brown Bear — Known for their impressive size and strength, brown bears have thick brown fur and can be found in North America, Europe, and Asia. The famous Alaskan grizzly and Kodiak bears are subspecies of the brown bear.
- Polar Bear — These large, white-furred bears are adapted to life on the Arctic sea ice. Their thick fur and layer of blubber keep them warm in icy conditions, and they’re skilled swimmers.
- American Black Bear — The most common bear in North America, black bears come in various colors, including black, brown, and even cinnamon. They are skilled climbers and are often found in forests.
- Asian Black Bear — With a distinctive white “V” on their chest, Asian black bears inhabit parts of Asia and are also called moon bears.
- Panda Bear — Recognizable by their black-and-white fur, pandas live in mountain forests in central China and mainly feed on bamboo.
- Sloth Bear — Known for its shaggy coat and long snout, sloth bears inhabit forests in India and Sri Lanka. They use their snout to suck up insects like termites and ants.
- Spectacled Bear — The only bear native to South America, spectacled bears have unique light-colored markings around their eyes, giving them a “spectacled” appearance.
- Sun Bear — The smallest bear species, sun bears have a golden or white patch on their chest and are found in tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia.
Appearance and Physical Traits
Bears are generally characterized by their bulky bodies, short tails, and strong limbs. Depending on the species, bears have varying fur colors and textures, from the fluffy white coat of polar bears to the short, sleek fur of sun bears. They also have sharp claws, which they use for digging, climbing, and sometimes for defense.
Daily Life and Behaviors
Bears are usually solitary creatures, except during mating season or when a mother is raising her cubs. Their everyday activities mostly revolve around:
- Foraging for Food: Most bears are omnivores, meaning they eat a mix of plants and animals. Brown and black bears, for instance, eat berries, fish, insects, and small mammals. Pandas, however, almost exclusively eat bamboo.
- Hibernation: Species like the brown and black bear go into hibernation in winter, during which they slow their metabolism and live off stored fat.
- Play and Interaction: Bears, especially young cubs, engage in play, which is essential for learning survival skills.
- Swimming and Climbing: Polar bears are excellent swimmers, while black and spectacled bears are great climbers. Each species has adapted to survive best in its unique environment.
Habitat and Range
Bears are adaptable animals, and their habitats vary greatly:
- Forests: Many bear species, such as American black bears and Asian black bears, thrive in dense forests where food sources are plentiful.
- Mountain Regions: Pandas are well-adapted to mountain forests, where bamboo grows in abundance.
- Tundra and Ice: Polar bears are uniquely suited to Arctic environments and rely on sea ice to hunt seals.
- Tropical Forests: Sun bears inhabit tropical forests in Southeast Asia, where they climb trees in search of fruits and insects.
In summary, bears are complex animals with diverse lifestyles and habitats. From the icy expanses of the Arctic to the dense forests of Southeast Asia, each bear species has its own unique way of life, shaped by its surroundings and evolutionary adaptations. Their strength, adaptability, and remarkable survival skills make bears not only awe-inspiring but essential to the balance of their ecosystems.
Here are useful words and expressions from the article on bears, along with their translations:
Useful Words
- Habitat – ареал обитания
- Species – виды
- Distinctive – отличительный
- Characteristics – характеристики
- Forage – добывать пищу
- Predator – хищник
- Carnivorous – плотоядный
- Omnivorous – всеядный
- Hibernation – спячка
- Adaptation – адаптация
- Territory – территория
- Ecosystem – экосистема
- Endangered – находящийся под угрозой исчезновения
- Climate – климат
- Solitary – одиночный, уединённый
- Diet – рацион питания
- Den – логово
- Nocturnal – ночной
- Hibernate – впадать в спячку
- Conservation – охрана природы
- Nurture – воспитывать
- Lifespan – продолжительность жизни
- Cub – медвежонок
- Territorial – территориальный
- Thick fur – густой мех
Useful Expressions
Можно прослушать выражения тут
- “Varied habitats from forests to arctic regions” – разнообразные ареалы обитания, от лесов до арктических регионов
- “Play a crucial role in the ecosystem” – играют важную роль в экосистеме
- “Exhibit unique behavior patterns” – демонстрируют уникальные модели поведения
- “Survival strategy during winter” – стратегия выживания зимой
- “Known for their adaptability to different environments” – известны своей способностью адаптироваться к различным условиям
- “Face challenges due to climate change” – сталкиваются с трудностями из-за изменения климата
- “Rich diet of both plants and meat” – богатый рацион, состоящий как из растений, так и из мяса
- “Diverse diet and feeding habits” – разнообразный рацион и способы питания
- “Capable of nurturing their young with care” – способны заботиться о своих детёнышах с заботой
- “Rely on instinct and learned behavior” – полагаются на инстинкт и выученное поведение
- “Distinctive coats for harsh climates” – отличительные шкуры для суровых климатов
- “Critical for balancing prey populations” – критичны для поддержания баланса популяций добычи
- “Hibernate to conserve energy” – впадают в спячку, чтобы экономить энергию
- “Playful yet protective nature with cubs” – игривый, но защитный характер с детёнышами
- “Marked territories to avoid conflict” – обозначенные территории, чтобы избежать конфликтов
- “A symbol of strength and wilderness” – символ силы и дикой природы
- “Human encroachment affecting habitats” – влияние вторжения человека на ареалы обитания
- “Balance between carnivorous and herbivorous diets” – баланс между плотоядной и травоядной диетой
- “Thick fur provides insulation” – густой мех обеспечивает теплоизоляцию
- “Highly skilled in catching fish” – очень умелы в ловле рыбы
- “Adapts to seasonal food availability” – адаптируется к сезонной доступности пищи
- “Mothers fiercely protect their cubs” – матери яростно защищают своих детёнышей
- “Roam across vast territories” – странствуют по обширным территориям
- “Often a solitary lifestyle” – часто ведут одиночный образ жизни
- “Rely on keen senses to hunt” – полагаются на острые чувства для охоты
А теперь - выполним упражнения!
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