University of the People
Dr. Angela Andrews
15 02, 2022
The philosophical principles of education
Among the main philosophical principles of education are the following: anthropological, axiological, cultural, humanistic, synergistic and hermeneutic. They echo each other and fill each other to a certain extent.
The anthropological principle of education is based on an understanding of the essence of man as an open system, constantly changing and updated simultaneously with the surrounding world, updated in the process of his active activity. The essence of education consists in creating an environment that is as favorable as possible for the self-development of the individual. In such an aspect, the process of educating a person cannot be limited to norms or oriented towards absolute, as a result, cannot be completed. The process of education should be built in such a way that the pupil can improve in all the diversity of human manifestations. (The anthropological study of education)
The humanistic principle is based on taking into account the personal and individual characteristics of education. The task of education based on the ideas of humanism is to help the formation and improvement of the personality of the pupil, his awareness of his needs and interests. In the process of educational interaction, the teacher should be aimed at learning and accepting the pupil as he is, helping to understand the goals of development and contributing to their achievement. The teacher seeks to create comfortable and favorable conditions for the student's personal growth. (Tenets of humanism)
The axiological principle in education suggests that the formation of a person's personality is associated with the assimilation of the system of humanistic values that form the basis of his humanitarian culture. The formed individual system of humanistic value orientations characterizes the motivational-value attitude of the person to the surrounding world. Subject to the interiorization of values, they acquire the motivation of activity, encourage active activity, self-education and self-development of the person. Education as a socially organized process of interiorization of universal human values contributes to the spiritual formation of the person. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the dialectical unity of cognitive and sensual, rational and practical, social and individual in personality. (An axiological approach to education.)
The cultural principle is closely related to the axiological, since it has at the base an axiology - the doctrine of the values and the value structure of the world. The cultural principle is due to the objective connection of a person with culture as a system of values. A person contains part of the culture. He not only develops on the basis of the culture he has learned, but also introduces something fundamentally new into it, that is, he becomes the creator of new elements of culture. In this regard, the development of culture as a system of values is, firstly, the development of man himself, and secondly, the formation of him as a creative person. (Multicultural education)
The synergistic principlein education is based on the idea of open-type systems capable of self-organization and in the mode of constant energy exchange. The ideas of synergy (Greek - cooperation) are the ideas of science, which uses probabilistic functions in research. From the point of view of a synergistic principle in the upbringing and education of a child, knowledge and experience of behavior can be formed not only with the purposeful submission of the teacher, but also spontaneously, subjectively, unpredictably due to the processes of opening them by the student himself with the support of the teacher. A developing person is in an unstable and unstable state. The predictability of educational outcomes is relative. In this regard, the goals of education cannot be limited, since it is possible to mainstream the interests and needs of the child in the process of upbringing and training. Comprehensive personal development must be versatile. Self-affirmation, self-realization and self-determination of the individual are the result of the self-organization of the individual, which takes place with pedagogical support. There can be no ready-made recipe, one correct and unambiguous answer taken to faith. Human development is linked to freedom and choices that are aligned with opportunities and needs. This principle is one of the most pedagogical and humanistic, but its implementation in the education system is one of the most incredibly difficult. (Synergistic Learning for Knowledge Age: Theoretical Model, Enabling Technology and Analytical Framework )
The hermeneutic principle in personal education and education is based on hermeneutics as one of the methods of philosophy, where the main thing is the interpretation, understanding of texts. Understanding is accepted as a direct penetration into life. An understanding of one's own spiritual world is achieved in the process of self-observation, an understanding of another's world of empathy, sensation. Turning to tradition, culture, text, understanding it, a person forms himself. This happens during the dialogue process. Man grows into the world, enters culture. Education as an understanding acts as an opportunity for self-realization in culture, the formation of man as a spiritual being. Understanding leads to the ability of judgment - the ability not only to stay in the world, but to understand it and its place in it, to self-determination creative and value. The hermeneutic principle focuses on the awakening of individual consciousness and its self-determination in the world of meanings. (9 facts about hermeneutic)
Teaching approaches in IB programs
The same six approaches underpin teaching in all IB programs. These approaches are deliberately broad, designed to give teachers flexibility in choosing specific strategies to use that best reflect their own the specific contexts and needs of their students.
In all IB programs, teaching is carried out as follows:
• based on the request: Great attention is paid to ensuring that students find their information and building your own understanding.
• focused on conceptual understanding: Concepts are being studied to both deepen disciplinary understanding and help students connect and translate learning into new contexts.
• developed in local and global contexts: Teaching uses real-world contexts and examples as well as students it is recommended that new information be processed by linking it to their own experiences and the world around them.
• focused on effective teamwork and collaboration: This includes working in a promotion team and cooperation between students, but this also applies to the joint relationship between teachers and students.
• designed to remove barriers to learning: Learning contains and evaluates diversity. This confirms student personalities and goals to create an exploration of opportunities that allow each student to develop and pursue appropriate personal goals.
• informed by evaluation: Evaluation plays a crucial role in support as well as measurement, study. This approach also recognizes the crucial role of providing students with effective feedback.
Thus, pedagogical science, which studies the problems of the development and formation of the personality in the process of its education, is the field of humanities, anthropological and philosophical knowledge. Pedagogical systems, technologies and concepts are based on basic philosophical principles: axiological, humanistic, anthropological, hermeneutic, synergistic, cultural and oriented towards a developing person.
I am closest to synergistic principle in education since I devote a lot of time to self-education and believe that personal experience and practice best help to form the necessary skills for life.
References
9 facts about hermeneutic https://blog.oup.com/2017/06/9-facts-about-hermeneutics/
The anthropological study of education
https://www.britannica.com/science/anthropology/The-anthropological-study-of-education
An axiological approach to education. The axiological approach is the leading factor in improving the process of artistic education of student youth in cultural and educational institutions Axiological approach in social pedagogy
Philosophical principles of education https://studopedia.org/1-119821.html
Multicultural education https://www.edglossary.org/multicultural-education/
Synergistic Learning for Knowledge Age: Theoretical Model, Enabling Technology and Analytical Framework https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.456.4921&rep=rep1&type=pdf#:~:text=In%20a%20word%2C%20we%20can,multiple%20fields%E2%80%9D%20%5B9%5D.
Synergistic teaching in active learning http://marcopangngewa.blogspot.com/2013/09/synergistic-teaching-in-active-learning.html