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This chapter is devoted to the internal parameters of points and the rules for creating living beings (their behavior, reactions to irritant, etc.). These are the eigenvalues of a living being (or its varieties), with which it exists in this world. Internal parameters are set forcibly, this is the setting of the existence of a living being.
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In theory, a mathematical point moves from itself (has a different future relative to itself in the past) to another point or from it, which increases or decreases the quantity of irritation (the distance between the points). But for the sake of such a primitive, it was hardly worth creating a complex technique in the form of a living being, so in practice everything is more difficult. When we talk about a living being, we should keep in mind, that we have a mechanism for changing some parameter, which is the meaning of psychology. If we have a fan, but there is no mechanism for controlling the speed of rotation of the blades, then there will be no psychology in the form of irritation and reaction to irritation. But if there is such a mechanism, then psychology begins, which boils down to controlling some parameter, depending on the incoming data (the external environment). For example, we will take the temperature as incoming data, this is an irritant for our fan. The rotation of the blades (engine) is a reaction to irritation. For a living being, everything is a little different, since the parameter is regulated through chemical reactions, but the mathematical and geometric meaning is the same, only the method differs, so for simplicity and convenience, let's focus on the example of temperature and rotation speed.
The magnitude of the irritation corresponds to the magnitude of the reaction, and the type (name or address) of the irritation corresponds to the type (name or address) of the reaction. The dependence can be anything, direct (the higher the temperature difference, the higher the rotation speed), inverse (the higher the temperature difference, the lower the rotation speed), linear (the rotation speed is linear to the temperature difference), some other (the rotation speed depends on the temperature difference according some fancy function). How exactly and what exactly, is the whim of the developer of a living being (or its analogue in the form of fan rotation control). This can be the quantity of gas supply depending on the quantity of lighting, the volume of the scream from horror depending on the quantity of gas supply, the degree of horror depending on the distance to the source of horror, etc. For simplicity and convenience, we will focus on the direct and linear dependence of the magnitude of rotation on the magnitude of the temperature difference. This means, that one degree corresponds to one revolution per minute. When we have decided on the correspondence of the dimension of the associated spaces (because in psychology they can correspond to each other in any way), then we must decide on the internal parameters, and their correspondence.
The internal parameter is the coordinate relative to absolute zero (or the length of the segment between the point and absolute zero), which is set forcibly. A point is indicated on each straight line, which in distilled psychology is the intersection point of two straight lines, and is considered the origin of coordinates. A point divides each straight line into two area of one-dimensional space, this is a relative zero. The temperature difference and the speed difference are defined relative to this point. The position of the point on both lines is constant, it reflects the state of rest. For our example with temperatures, this is the internal temperature of the point. We can set its value equal to absolute zero, but we will assume, that it is greater, than zero, and equal to some value (r) or length OA.
A mathematical point is the intersection point of (at least) two spaces. Therefore, the origin must be present on a straight line, that reflects the work being done. The change in the parameter during the excitation (in our case, this is a change in the rotational speed) occurs relative to this point. The position of this point may coincide with the position of absolute zero. But the set rotation value may be greater, than zero. In this case, the fan will rotate at a certain rotation speed. This is the rotation speed, which corresponds to the temperature (r) — the state of rest. This is also an internal parameter of the point. A living being has many parameters of the work being done, the value of which at rest is different from zero (pulse and heart rate, for example). But for simplicity and convenience, we will assume, that the engine does not work at rest (at temperature (r), the rotational speed is zero).
Thus, a living being has (at least) two internal parameters, that correspond to each other. In our example, a certain temperature (r) corresponds to a certain engine speed, which is zero. And there are two associated spaces of values, whose dimension corresponds to each other (one degree Kelvin corresponds to one engine speed per minute).
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We remember, that the body is kept in a state of rest, until a force appears, that will force it out of this state. At rest, our fan will not work (or will work at the frequency, that we have set), because there is no force, that will take it out of this state. I.e., until there is another point, with which a straight line segment can form (incoming definition), and which by the fact of its existence will force the point to change the state of rest (in our case, change the value of rotation speed). Without an irritant, the fan will transfer its position (the value of the rotation speed) from the past to the future without changes (the past is symmetrical to the future). Suppose, there is an irritant, with which can form a pair (create a straight line segment). We assume, that a point has a control and measuring device (a sense organ), that returns to it a digital value, not a logical value of true (i.e., some measured length of a straight line segment, and not information, that another point has been found).
The control and measuring sensory organ of a living being measured the difference between the external temperature and the internal set temperature in degrees Kelvin. For our living being, the temperature difference is an irritant, which corresponds to the reaction to irritation. We agreed, that the temperature difference corresponds to the difference in the quantity of revolutions one to one (x > > y), therefore, the magnitude of the reaction is equal to the magnitude of the irritant. This means, that our propeller will start rotating with a frequency, equal to the difference in values (temperatures). This is a primitive, but quite understandable illustration, how a living being has reactions to an irritant. The values are proportional, the higher the temperature difference, the faster the engine will run, and vice versa. Such an organization is characteristic of physiology and physiological reactions. Our engine does not move in a three-dimensional physical reality, but the mathematical and geometric meaning of such a movement would be the same. The engine (a living being) will approach the irritant, or move away from it (depending on, what behavior we have programmed).
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What happens, if we don't establish the correspondence of two spaces to each other? Firstly, our living being, which reacts to the temperature difference by increasing the speed of the propeller, will not understand, that it is necessary to react to the temperature difference (the result of measuring the thermometer) by rotating the propeller, because we have not established a correspondence (association) of names (or addresses). Secondly, if the names (or addresses) correspond, but the correspondence of the dimension of spaces has not been established (how many revolutions one degree of Kelvin corresponds to), then in this case our living being will not understand, how it should react to the result of measuring the thermometer (how much is it in revolutions per minute). The logic in this case is set by default, if there is a temperature difference, that is, the corresponding rotation speed. This is the only one, that can be set at will according to the rules of conversion of quantities, but everything else must be set so, that it just works.
What happens, if we establish an association of spaces, but do not establish the position of a mathematical point in the associated spaces? Firstly, our living being will not know the temperature difference relative to itself, because the thermometer returns a value relative to absolute zero. In this case, our live fan will not be a subject, having its own temperature (albeit virtual). Consequently, he will not know the quantity of irritation relative to himself (greater or less, than I / my internal value), or will consider as such the temperature relative to absolute zero, which was measured by the thermometer. Secondly, our living being will not be able to increase the quantity of revolutions, because it does not know, relative to what value it is necessary to increase the quantity of revolutions. Consequently, it will not be able to give the desired quantity of reaction in the form of an increase in the speed of rotation. And thirdly, if we do not establish the correspondence of the position (coordinates) of a living being in both spaces, then the spaces will be torn apart, even if we associated them, because the mathematical point is at the intersection of the two spaces. This position is the origin of coordinates in both spaces, and the state of rest (when the values of temperature and engine rotation should be considered the norm, since the irritant sets a deviation from the norm).
What happens, if the state of rest will be corresponds to a rotation value, greater than zero? In this case, without an irritant (at rest), our living fan will rotate at a frequency, that corresponds to a given one (and this rotation value will be considered zero (the origin) according to the rules of analytical geometry). In the presence of an irritant, our living fan will rotate faster relative to this rotation value by a quantity, proportional to the magnitude of the irritant. The increase in the coordinate in this case will look like (new value of the rotational speed = set value of the rotational speed + reaction value). If we change the correspondence of the values from a direct (y = x) to some other (for example, y = 2x), then in this case our living fan will spin twice as fast at the same temperature difference, as before. And if the definition and reaction correspond to (y = x^2), then we will part with the linear dependence, and the engine will spin up to maximum frequency, even with a slight temperature difference. Etc.
But we must always assign a correspondence between the dimensionality of the two spaces (how many revolutions corresponds to one degree of Kelvin in our example) and the correspondence of the origin in the two spaces (which value of the temperature at rest corresponds to the frequency of rotation at rest). This is the basic rule of the creation of living beings (and the conversion of quantities in general), what every psychologist should know, and what every psychologist should be able to do. Only in the pink fantasies of ignorance is there an evolution, where such a correspondence can appear by itself, and not in the head of an engineer, designer and technologist at the design stage of a living being (its physiology, behavior, interaction with the environment, etc., a living being as a technique is very high technology, that requires very high knowledge in mathematics, physics, etc.). In our example, the value of the RPM at rest is zero, but it may not be zero. A living being has a heartbeat frequency, which can also change (increase), when irritated, and at rest its value is greater, than zero. A living being has a concentration value in the blood of a substance, which also varies in proportion to irritation. Has a muscle tension, which must be adequate to the magnitude of the irritant, otherwise a living being may not have time to escape in case of danger. Etc. If something does not correspond adequately to another (or does not correspond at all), then a living being may die as soon as it is born (or not born at all).
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Let's play a little with our living fan. Suppose, that the work, performed at rest, is not zero, it is a certain magnitude. It corresponds to a certain temperature, which is also not zero relative to absolute zero. If the thermometer returns a magnitude, which greater, than the internal value of our living being, then this is a command (instruction) to increase the propeller speed by an appropriate magnitude. And if less? Formally, in this case, our living being should react by reducing the quantity of revolutions. And at this case practice breaks in, which, perhaps, explains the modus operandi of developers of all living beings. When the quantity of work, performed at rest, is zero, then the negative values returned (less, than relative zero / the internal temperature of our living fan) cannot cause reaction, because the engine cannot reduce the rotational speed to a negative magnitude, our living being simply will not react to temperatures, which are below the set temperature. But if the magnitude of rest frequency is not zero, then it can. In this case, it will be a command (instruction) to assign itself a value, that is below relative zero, but still above absolute zero.
If the segment OA on the first straight is larger, than the segment OA on the second straight, and the segment AB on the first straight is larger, than the segment OA on the second straight, then we will again see no reaction to the irritant, because absolute zero on the second straight is the engine turned off. We are encountered with the same problem, that we have encountered in definitions, where, besides relative zero, which can be anywhere, there is a reality, in which zero is zero. Yes, our engine can reduce the rotational speed below relative zero (rest frequency), but it cannot be reduced indefinitely. Therefore, for the right-to-left direction, we will have to establish another correspondence, even if our thermometer can return a value, below the set value (relative zero). So we have a space behind the back, both on one straight line (definition) and on another straight line (work being done). This means, that two straight lines correspond to each other only up to the position of the mathematical point (or only from the position of the mathematical point). If we want, that the temperature below relative zero (internal temperature) to also be an irritant, then for it need to adjust another correspondence, another reaction (and this is not necessarily a decrease in engine speed, it may also be an increase in speed, or some other reaction, for example, turn on the siren), and may be even have own control and measuring device, that measures in the other direction (temperatures, that are below the relative zero/internal value of a living being).
There are only four options. We are familiar with the first one, it is (A(r) >> A(n)), both spaces are directed in the same direction. The hotter the measured body is, the more the propeller turns. In the picture there is another option, (– A(r) >> A(n)), the directions of the spaces are opposite. This means, that the magnitude of the irritant will be less, than the conditional zero, but the work will be done in a positive direction, i.e. the colder the measured body is, the more the propeller turns. Everything can happen in exactly the same way, but in the other direction, (A(r) >> – A (n)), the hotter the measured body is, the lower the rotation frequency relative to conditionally zero. This option has a disadvantage, the temperature of the measured body will correspond to the engine turned off from some point, i.e. there is no reaction to the irritant, so such options require a separate setting. They are often used, for example, to behave as quietly as possible at the moment of danger, which corresponds to a decrease in the work being done. And the last option is the coincidence of the directions towards absolute zero (– A(r) >> – A (n)). To the measurement limit (the property is not expressed) is added to the limit of the work being done (the engine is turned off). Such options require even more fine tuning, because not only some temperature can turn off the engine, but also some engine operation can turn off the temperature. A living being will die from this sooner, but still. The colder the measured body is, the less work is done (engine speed in our case). It is quite possible, that such features are the reason for such a strange analytical geometry, because then it is quite rational, it is dictated by necessity (we will face this further), but maybe there are other reasons. But in this case we can observe analytical geometry in all its glory. The mathematical point is the incoming point when defining (the irritant is the outgoing point), when working (conducting excitation) it seems to be outgoing, because it changes the coordinate. But if look through the eyes of an external observer, then it does not fall below a certain set position in the space of work too, i.e. to some extent it is incoming. And the principle, that two points at any position look at each other, a mathematical point cannot escape beyond the irritant.
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Let's continue playing with our living fan. Controlling value and controlled value are not related in any way, the magnitude of the irritation simply sets the magnitude of the reaction. If we consider a conditional zero as an equilibrium point, then any irritation is a value of disequilibrium. The quantity of heat, as a physical phenomenon, also corresponds to temperature through the conversion of quantities. If we consider, how many different measurement methods there are (degrees Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, can come up with own scale), then the options for converting the quantity of a physical phenomenon into a definition (digit) can also be different, and hence the final value of the definition. A mathematical point is virtual, so it cannot have its own temperature, it does not exist physically, but there is a physical body, that can contain a mathematical point (as a physical processor contains a virtual operating system), a material point is able to enter into physical interactions, in our case, to heat up or cool down relative to itself in the past. A mathematical point can form a straight line segment with its physical shell, by what magnitude the temperature of the shell deviated from the set (virtual) one. Our control and measuring sensory organ measures the temperature difference between the internal temperature of the point (constant) and the environment in the positive direction (greater than the internal value of the point). The shell is also part of the environment, it can heat up, because material points can also conduct excitation. They conduct it according to the second law of thermodynamics, aligning their values, so the internal temperature (virtual) and the thermometer's own temperature are different things. In reality, every living being compares its own temperature (as it is) with the internal temperature (as it should be), and any deviation is the formation of a full-fledged mathematical point and the quantity of irritation (the body's reaction to an increase or decrease in its own temperature relative to the internal one). This is another meaning of psychology — the control of a parameter and definition the magnitude of the deviation from the set parameter.
The cooled body will not cool down immediately, nor will it immediately heat up in the absence of cooling, so the operation of the fan (or other cooler) will be wave-like, back or forth (faster or slower). But such a wave will have peaks, above or below which the cooled body will not heat up and cool down, as well as there will be peaks of operation for the fan, above or below which the rotational speed will not rise or fall. This is an example of artificial dependence, when the quantity of irritation is controlled through a reaction to irritation, in order to reduce it. The undulating work here will be solely due to a certain length of time, that the body needs to warm up or cool down. If the body cools down and heats up immediately, the engine speed will freeze in proportion to the frozen average temperature difference.
Similar to such an example would be the behavior of a living being, that runs away from an irritant, thereby reducing the quantity of irritation, because the further away, the less scary it is. At some distance, the speed of movement will drop to zero (the state of rest), because it is already far away. Similarly, for the concentration of something in the body, if the concentration exceeds the established norm, then the reaction to the irritant becomes work, that will bring the concentration back to normal (if the living being does not die from this). Similarly, the body temperature of a living being is controlled, when the temperature rises, there is certainty for a mathematical point, so it's time to increase the concentration of something to bring the temperature back to normal, etc. These examples have one thing in common — the work, caused by disequilibrium (the distance between the mathematical point and the irritant), is aimed at achieving equilibrium (reducing such a distance to zero) so, that the parameter returns to a state of rest (relative zero). If rude, to break the irritant's face so, that it doesn't irritate anymore (this behavior is typical for degenerate). Behavior is not limited only to this, but it is a common technique, and can be said, that every living being in its actions strives to back for a state of rest (to do nothing). Including scratching, to doesn't itch, another example of work, aimed at reducing irritation.
However, even this requires some configuration. If the temperature difference is constant, then the work being done will be constant. This will be a new state of rest for the fan, which is different from the state of rest, when the mathematical point is not defined (there is no irritant as the second end of a straight line segment), but also unchanged, because the body (controlled parameter) is held at rest, until there is a force, that will force it out of this state, i.e. until the magnitude of the difference in values between the internal parameter and that measured by the measuring thermometer (sensory organ) changes. In other words, if the work being done, which is aimed at reducing the difference in values between the value of a living being and the value of an irritant, does not lead to a reduction in the difference in values to zero, but to some frozen difference, then the quantity of work (reaction) will also be constant. Constant pain, constant fever, constant moronбs who interfere with life, something else constant, because the magnitude of the reaction is not enough to multiply the magnitude of irritation by zero. For example, the body cannot return some parameter to a state of rest (norm), for this need medicine (an additional impulse).
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Further play with a living fan is to adjust the correspondence between the definition and the work being done through the quantity of irritation and the quantity of excitation. Up to this point, it was assumed, that the value of the definition sets the value of the work being done. And if there is a deviation from a given parameter in the definition space, then there must be a corresponding deviation from a given parameter in the space of the work being done. In our case, it was the temperature and the rotation of the blades, but in psychology it works a little differently. They correspond to each other not directly, but through a buffer mathematical space, where the definition is converted into irritation, irritation into excitation, and excitation into the work being done. Therefore, further adjustment is the setting of the correspondence of the quantities, what quantity of irritation corresponds to one unit of definition (in our case, one degree Kelvin), and what quantity of work being done (in our case, the rotation frequency) corresponds to one unit of excitation. Since excitation is part of the irritation and conducted to the work being done space according to the same type algorithm, we will limit ourselves to the irritation, the change in the coordinate can be considered that way too.
Many real definitions are reflected abstractly, and only after that they are reflected again as the quantity of irritation. But even without abstract reflections, there are plenty of options. For example, the quantity of irritation may correspond to the square of the definition. There is little sense in this, because the definition sets the length of a straight line segment in mathematical space, no more. As an example, we took the body temperature, which can be transferred to the mathematical space one to one. It can be transferred as a square, in this case, increasing the length of the segment in the definition will increase the length of the segment in mathematical space to the second degree. If we reflect the definition abstractly, then (for example) the length of the segment (definition) first corresponds to some length of the segment of abstract danger, the greater the temperature difference, the more dangerous it is for our living fan (it will burn and die). And after that, the magnitude of the danger is translated into the magnitude of irritation.
Similarly, for the space of the work being done. The length of the straight line segment (the quantity of irritation) sets the length of the straight line segment (the quantity of work being done), and the coordinate of the mathematical point relative to the irritant sets the coordinate of the point relative to the final quantity of work to be done (to which position need to move). Irritation and the work being done correspond to each other through function (including through exponentiation). This also makes little sense, it just increases the length of the segment, i.e. it is done only when it is really necessary.
Now the magnitude of the definition and the magnitude of the reaction correspond to each other through the buffer space. With exponentiation, the dependency will cease to be linear. If reflect the temperature difference (or something else) as the magnitude of the danger one to one (i.e. linearly), but further conversion of the magnitude will contain exponentiation, then a small temperature difference will be perceived by a living fan as non-dangerous (and, therefore, will not require an extreme reaction), but a significant difference temperatures will be perceived as dangerous (linearly), and cause an extreme reaction (exponentially - muscle reaction, fan rotation in our example, etc.). Or the magnitude of the reaction linearly reflect the magnitude of the irritation, but the magnitude of the danger is defined through exponentiation of temperature difference. In this case, the magnitude of the danger will be linear to the magnitude of the reaction, and a slight temperature difference will again be perceived by a living fan as non-dangerous, the reaction will also be sluggish, but a significant temperature difference will be perceived as a critical threat, requiring the extreme reaction.
Any person, studying psychology, always has the same question, why is mathematical reality needed, if a correspondence (even non-linear) can exist (and does exist) without him? There is a relay, and its work differs from the work of a living organism only by technology. The relay has an input value at the input and an outgoing value at the output, also at the output there is a work being done (and its value). The question is fair, it's just that in psychology we see a different technical execution, what can be seen in the operation of relays at any factory and in any alarm system. The magnitude of the incoming signal sets the dimension of the magnitude of the outgoing command, no more. Through the definition in psychology, not just a command is set, but also the magnitude, by which the muscles of a living being should tighten (coordinate relative to the state of rest), by what magnitude (coordinate relative to the norm) the pupil should narrow, how far a living being should run away, at what speed, how much the quantity of adrenaline in the blood should increase, etc., that there is a kind of relay operation. If get carried away with exponentiation, then even a small irritation will end in a muscle spasm, although sometimes a nonlinear dependence is necessary. But through the conversion of quantities, we do not set the rate of onset of the reaction, after what time and at what speed the muscles should tighten to a given value, after what time and at what speed the pupil should narrow to a given value, after what time and at what speed a living being should run away, at what speed it should increase its speed (this is called acceleration, second-order speed), etc. We understand, that a critical threat requires not only an extreme reaction value, but also an extremely fast rate of onset of the set reaction value, otherwise a living being will not live up to a given value.
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Since the length of a straight line segment in mathematical reality is set as a derivative of the definition, then as internal parameters is set the frequency of calling the definition by consciousness (this is a check of changes in the external environment, from which the signals come, and a change in the magnitude of work in each definition call) and the parameters of excitability and resistance (depending on the choice of the origin, because one corresponds to the other, only from the other end). The longer the line segment, the longer it takes to change the magnitude of the value to the set one, but the faster moves, the faster the magnitude of the value will change to the set one, and the higher the frequency of consciousness, the faster the magnitude of the value will change to the set one. Therefore, if velocity is important, then it makes no sense to make a straight line segment too long in mathematical reality, rather it makes sense to lengthen the straight line segment in the space of the work being done. If the frequency of calls is constant, then only the excitability (or resistance), through, which the velocity of movement is set, can act as a variable.
Our living being, even if it is made on a chip and made of plastic, is a material body, so everything, that is true for physical interactions of material bodies, is true for it. In other words, we do not need to measure huge temperatures, because with a high difference in values, the thermometer will melt, a living being will break, burn and evaporate, etc. That is, it will just die. Therefore, for a living being, there is usually an acceptable range of incoming definitions, beyond which there is no sense in measuring, because these are finite for a living being. This is true for any incoming parameters, that are being defined (measured) both directly (if the phenomenon is really reflected), and abstractly. If there is a certain limit parameter, beyond which a living being will die, then the abstract definition also has no meaning beyond this parameter. If we go back to our example, there is no sense in considering a temperature above the limit as a threat, on the contrary, any temperature, close to critical, should be considered a critical quantity of danger.
The quantity of excitability can be a constant, it can be recalled from memory, it can and will be derived from metabolism and something else, but we are interested in the pure case in our modeling, where the position of point B(x) relative to point B(max) sets the position of point A'(m) in mathematical space, that is, its position is set by external conditions (environment). Since the point is incoming in the definition, and outgoing in the action, then in general terms AB in the definition should correspond to AB max in the same way, as AA' in irritation with AB. The length AA' is the magnitude of the excitation relative to point A, if it is taken as the origin, and is given by the magnitude of the resistance relative to the entire irritation. We don't even need to know how definition and irritation relate.
Resistance = Definition (max) / Definition
The lower the resistance, the higher the excitation portions, the higher the excitation rate. In our case, the temperature difference may be close to critical (this poses a threat to life), which means, that the degree of threat is critical (and we have reflected the difference in values abstractly like a danger) therefore, the rate of excitation and the rate of installation of a set activity should be maximum, regardless of the quantity of work being done (we have already discussed this the setting above). That is, need to not just turn head, but do it abruptly, in proportion to the threat degree (the higher, the faster), not just run at some speed, but gain this speed as quickly as possible, not just narrow the pupil by some magnitude, but also do it as quickly as possible. For our example, as soon as possible, dial the magnitude of speed of rotation of the propeller, set by the quantity of irritation. But this is from one end, and there is a second. Here the BB max segment sets the proportion for the irritation residue in each iteration of consciousness. We can find out its value, only through the difference relative to B max, taken as zero, therefore.
Excitability = Definition (max) / Definition (max) – Definition
The effect will be similar, such a measure does not set the quantity of irritation, but sets the rate of excitation, so the correspondence of the values is set separately, and the maximum definition value is set separately, this is another internal parameter. Excitability and resistance cannot be equal to one, or be less than one, because then the excitation will be conducted instantly, or not conducted at all, because with each iteration the rate will increase, which will lead to paralysis instead of action. And they can't, because even a unit — it's a ratio to the maximum as one to one, it's not difficult to guess, that even on the approaches to the maximum, a living being will glue the fins. But this phenomenon has a small collision, the maximum definition is not always tied to a deadly threat, it may be something else, that does not lead to death, but also has a maximum. And we can observe paralysis in all its glory, when there is an irritant, and it is defined, but something goes wrong, some kind of lethargy, inaction, tongue stuck to the throat and other reactions, that are paralysis instead of a given action.
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The magnitude of the reaction is set by the magnitude of the irritation, the magnitude of the irritation is set by the magnitude of the difference in values (definition), the definition is tied to the environment, these are the initial conditions for calculations (although not necessarily, if the value is called from memory). The rate of onset of a complete reaction is set by the ratio of the definition to the maximum, i.e., also by the environment, these are also the initial conditions for calculations (although they can also be called from memory). Therefore, there seems to be no place for any actions with the reaction, just need to set the dimension matching, how the values of irritation and reaction to irritation correspond to each other. But if hands are itching, then can remember, that the magnitude of the reaction has a maximum, for our example, this is the maximum possible speed of rotation of the propeller, as the maximum of the work being done (and nothing else). Whatever the quantity of irritation, but if it exceeded the magnitude of maximum possible work, then there is no point in counting further. And the heart cannot work at a frequency of a thousand contractions per second, and the muscles are above a certain voltage, etc. Either just physically, or because a living being cannot stand so much and will die.
If so, then it is possible to match the maxima, but not relative to absolute zero, but relative to the established position of the mathematical point on both lines. For example, that the maximum of the definition correlates with the actual definition in the same way, as the maximum of the work with the actual work. Will get an equation with four unknowns, but two of them are set at the design stage (even before a living being became alive), there is a control and measuring device (a sense organ) for the actual definition, only one unknown remains — the actual work.
Definition (max) / Definition = Work being done (max) / Work being done
This relationship is the simplest (and we are extremely simplifying) and implies linearity. It is quite common in psychology, as well as nonlinearity, when the work being done grows with a jerk, when approaching the maximum definition (for nonlinear correspondence there is exponentiation, coefficients, etc. according to the rules of conversion of quantities (coordinates)). Which is also reasonable enough, why react to something insignificant proportionally, for our example it would be a nonlinear rotation of the propeller, when the temperature changes. If the difference is insignificant, then this is not a reason to turn on, but when a certain tipping temperature difference is reached, the value of the rotation speed will increase with a jerk.
This again has nothing to do with the rate of change in the magnitude of the work being done, just the correspondence of the quantities. Since such a ratio is set sane only once in the developer's project, and then replicated through heredity, deviations from heredity lead to quite predictable consequences, including various paralysis. And if at the physiological and sensory level this is treated by death (with such a deviation, either they do not live, or they do not live long), then at the psychological, and especially at the social level, this is sometimes not treated at all. Especially in the intellectual sphere, where the maximum of intellectual tension can be so poor, that a high difference in values gives out a parody of intelligence, and if the difference in values is low, then even this parody the creature will give birth for the rest of its life.
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Previous chapter — Interaction of points
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Next chapter — Movement of a point in the coordinate space
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Psychological studies — 2 (Mathematical study)
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