Growth and development of plants
Individual development is a process during which the organism changes from the moment the egg is fertilized till the end of its life.
The development of the organism begins when the egg is fertilized and the zygote is formed. When the zygote undergoes multiple division, an embryo is formed.
The embryo is in the seed. The seed is in the ovary. The seed gave the name to the group of flowers – seed-bearing flowers (angiosperms). Only flowering plants form seeds in ovaries and only seeds make fruits.
When the seed matures, the fruit is formed. The fruit separates from the parent organism and begins to disperse seeds with the help of wind, water, insects, birds and animals.
When the seed gets into the soil, it begins to grow. The seed needs favourable conditions of the environment to grow: humidity of soil, enough oxygen, and optimal temperature.
When the seed begins to absorb water, it swell (becomes thicker). Water is an activator of chemical reactions: the starch turns into glucose. The cells of the embryo begin to divide and become bigger. When the root appears, the seed germinates.
Germination can be of 2 types – underground and ground. The germinant is a newborn plant. The germinant grows when the cells divide and the number of the cells grows.
The plants growth has no limits because the meristematic tissue at the tips of the roots and shoots can’t stop the cell division.
Individual development – индивидуальное развитие
An egg – яйцеклетка
To fertilize – оплодотворять
A zygote – зигота
To undergo – быть подвергнутым
Multiple division – множественное деление
An embryo – зародыш
A seed – семя
An ovary – завязь
Seed-bearing flowers – семенные цветы
Angiosperms – покрытосеменные
Flowering plants – цветковые растения
A fruit – плод
To mature – созревать
To separate from – отделяться от
To disperse – распространять
The soil – почва
To grow – расти
To need – нуждаться в
Favourable conditions – благоприятные условия
The environment – окружающая среда
Humidity of soil – влажность почвы
Enough – достаточно
To absorb water – поглощать воду
To swell – набухать
Starch – крахмал
Glucose - глюкоза
To turn into – превращаться в
To divide – разделить, делиться
To appear – появляться
To germinate – прорастать
Underground germination – подземное прорастание
Ground germination – наземное прорастание
A germinant – проросток
To have no limits – не иметь границ
Meristematic tissue – образовательная ткань
At the tips – на кончиках
A root – корень
A shoot – побег