06. Plain English Exercise
Part of our evidence establishing that the p65 product was derived from uncleaved FAT1 and not from the further proteolytic processing of the cleaved FAT1 heterodimer was obtained by the use of the furin-defective LoVo cells. (Кол-во слов: 36)
ПРАВИЛА:
• ПРИБЛИЗИТЬ сказуемое к подлежащему.
Part of our evidence establishing ... was obtained > We established ...
• РАЗБИТЬ одно предложение с несколькими идеями на несколько предложений по 1-2 идеи.
Part of our evidence establishing that the p65 product was derived from uncleaved FAT1 and not from the further proteolytic processing of the cleaved FAT1 heterodimer was obtained by the use of the furin-defective LoVo cells.
>
1. We established that p65 ...
2. Instead, by using ..., we discovered ...
• ЗАМЕНИТЬ конструкции состояния НА конструкции действия.
Part of our evidence establishing ... was obtained by the use of ... . > We found ... using ...
ИТОГ:
We established that the p65 product was not derived from the further proteolytic processing of the cleaved FAT1 heterodimer. Instead, by using the furin-defective LoVo cells, we discovered that it was obtained from uncleaved FAT1. (Кол-во слов: 29)
07. Plain English Exercise
Pre-treatment of tenocytes with different concentrations of wortmannin (1, 10, and 20 nM) for 1 h, treated with curcumin (5 µM) for 4 h, and then treated with IL-1β for 1 h, inhibited the IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation. (Кол-во слов: 37)
ПРАВИЛА:
• ПРИБЛИЗИТЬ сказуемое к подлежащему.
Pre-treatment ... inhibited activation > The activation was inhibited by pre-treating ...
• УБРАТЬ избыточные однородные члены.
treated with ..., and then treated with ... > treated with ..., and then ...
ИТОГ:
The IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation was inhibited by pre-treating tenocytes with different concentrations of wortmannin (1, 10, and 20 nM) for 1 h, followed by with curcumin (5 µM) for 4 h, and then IL-1β for 1 h. (Кол-во слов: 30)
08. Plain English Exercise
Referral to a clinical geneticist for assistance in the diagnosis and management of Noonan Syndrome, including determining the appropriateness and sequence of genetic testing, may be helpful. (Кол-во слов: 27)
ПРАВИЛА:
• РАЗБИТЬ одно предложение с несколькими идеями на несколько предложений по 1-2 идеи.
Referral to a clinical geneticist ... , ... determining the appropriateness and sequence of genetic testing, may be helpful. > It may help to refer ... to a ... geneticist.
They can help ...
• ЗАМЕНИТЬ абстракции НА конкретику
Noonan Syndrome > a patient with Noonan syndrome
• ЗАМЕНИТЬ конструкции состояния НА конструкции действия.
... for assistance in the diagnosis and management ... > help diagnose and manage
• УБРАТЬ смысловое дублирование.
... determining the appropriateness and sequence of genetic testing.... > decide on genetic tests
ИТОГ:
It may help to refer a patient with Noonan syndrome to a clinical geneticist. They can help diagnose and manage it and help decide on genetic tests. (Кол-во слов: 22)
09. Plain English Exercise
Given the complexity of the immune system, the development of an individual B cell is unlikely to follow a predictable and well-executed series of decision points whereby an antigen-reactive cell is expanded to a clone that produces a single antibody. (Кол-во слов: 40)
ПРАВИЛА:
• ЗАМЕНИТЬ абстракции НА конкретику
Given the complexity of the immune system > Given how complex the immune system is
• ЗАМЕНИТЬ конструкции состояния НА конструкции действия.
... the development of an individual B cell is unlikely to ... > ... any one B cell is not likely to develop ...
• ПОДОБРАТЬ сильный синоним к рыхлой фразе.
... a predictable and well-executed series of decision points ... > ... a way that is easy to predict...
• РАЗБИТЬ одно предложение с несколькими идеями на несколько предложений по 1-2 идеи.
--- > 1. Given how the immune system is complex / 2. ... a B-cell doesn't predictably to develop .... / 3. ... for example, a cell expands to a clone ...
ИТОГ:
Given how complex the immune system is, an individual B cell is not likely to develop in a way that is easy to predict. For example, an antigen-reactive cell expands to a clone that produces a single antibody. (Кол-во слов: 38)
10. Plain English Exercise
A more realistic perspective is that the development of B-cells depends on a series of error-prone, random rearrangement events and mutations whereby specificity for the original antigen is maintained (or not) by selective pressures. (Ср. длина исx. предложения, слов: 34 слов / Ср. дл. слова в исx. предложении, знаков: 6,9 )
ПРАВИЛА:
• УКОРОТИТЬ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ: разбить смысл на несколько предложений, по 1-2 идеи в каждом.
--- >
- ... the B-cell develops through ... events, in which it ... becomes ...
- in the process... pressures determine ... if the cell is still specifies ...
• УПРОСТИТЬ СЛОВА: подобрать сильный синоним к рыхлой фразе.
A more realistic perspective is > More likely
• УПРОСТИТЬ СЛОВА: заменить абстрактные и пассивные конструкции НА конкретизированные и активные.
the development of B-cells depends on ... events > the B-cell develops through ... events
• rearrangement events and mutations > in which it mutates and becomes rearranged
• ... specificity ... is maintained by selective pressures... > ... selective pressures determine the specificity ...
• ... determine the specificity ... > ... determine if the cell still specifies ...
ИТОГ:
More likely, the B-cell develops through a series of error-prone, random events, in which it mutates and becomes rearranged. In the process, selective pressures determine if the cell still specifies the original antigen. (Ср. длина испр. предложения, слов: 16,5 слов / Ср. дл. слова в испр. предложении, знаков: 6,7 )