Lesson 3
Active Vocabulary
Read and learn the foil owing words:
medicine ['medsin] 1. медицина; лекарство
practice ['præktis] практика
practise заниматься врачебной деятельностью
drive out [draiv] изгонять
plague [pleiց] чума
quite [kwait] совершенно, вполне
x oath [ouθ] клятва
practitioner (præk'tiʃǝnǝ] практикующий врач, практик
physician [fi'ziʃn] врач
examine (iց'zæmin] осматривать (пациента)
create [kri'eit] создавать
basis ['beisis] основа
experience [ik' spiǝnǝns] опыт
free [fri:] 1. свободный; 2. Освобождать
superstition [su:pǝ'stiʃn] предрассудок
hate [heit] ненавидеть
disease [di'zi:z] болезнь
punishment ['pʌniʃmǝnt] наказание
diet ['daiǝt] правильное питание, диета
massage [mæ'sa:ʒ] массаж
treatment ['tri:tmǝnt] лечение
drug [drʌց] лекарство
ч surgeon ('sǝ:dʒǝn] хирург
fracture ['fræktʃǝ] перелом
trephine [tri' fi:n] производить трепанацию
skull [skʌl] череп
· Read and translate the following words and word combinations:
medicine: to study medicine, to practise medicine, to take medicine, medicine-man, medical, medically, medicinal
practitioner: general practitioner, practitioner services
practice: family practice, general practice, group practice, to put a plan into practice, to make a practice, in/out of practice, a large practice
examine: to have one’s teeth/eyes examined, to examine a student in Anatomy, examination, on examination, to be under examination, to take an examination in (a subject), to pass an examination
•Read and translate the text. Find all the irregular verbs in it and give their three forms.
Text A
HIPPOCRATES - THE FATHER OF MEDICINE
(460-377 B.C.1)
Hippocrates was born in Greece. He was the son of a doctor, Hippocrates studied medicine and then went to town where he practised the art of medicine. It is known that he drove out plague from Athens by lighting fires in the streets of the city. That is all we know of Hippocrates himself. But we have his writings which are called Hippocratic Collection. The Collection consists of more than one hundred books. Some of Hippocratic thoughts are quite modem4. The Collection begins with the famous Oath5.
Hippocrates was known as an excellent practitioner and a teacher
of medicine. This great physician taught his pupils to examine patents very attentively and to give them quick help. He created medicine on the basis of experience6.
Hippocrates freed medicine from superstition7. He hated the idea that a disease was the punishment of gods.
Hippocrates paid much attention to diet, gymnastics, massage and seabathing in treatment.
He knew how to use many drugs and was also a good surdgeon.
Hippocrates set fractures and even trephined the skull. Aristotle, the famous philosopher called him “Hippocrates the Great”.
NOTES
1.В.С. — до нашей эры
2.the aft of medicine — искусство медицины
3.by lighting fires — разжигая костры
4.quite modem — вполне современны
5.the famous Oath — знаменитая клятва Гиппократа (ее дают все представители медицинской профессии)
6.Не created medicine on the basis of experience. — Он создал медицину на основе опыта.
7.freed medicine frоm superstition — освободил медицину от предрассудков
8.paid much attention to diet — много внимания уделял правильному питанию
9.to set fractures — лечить переломы
Exercises
Exercise 1. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word combinations:
1.изучал медицину 2. известно, что ... 3. изгнал чуму из Афин 4. у нас есть его письменные труды 5. знаменитая клятва 6.прекрасный практик 7. тщательно обследовать пациентов 8. отвергал идею.... 9. Как использовать многие лекарства 10. хороший хирург 11. трепанироватьчереп
Exercise 2. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text:
to be born, went to town, to drive out, to be called, to be quite modern, a teacher of medicine, to give quick help, the punishment of gods, in treatment, the famous philosopher
Exercise 3. Make these sentences negative and interrogative:
1.He was the son of a doctor.
2.He practised the art of medicine there.
3.We have his writings.
4. This great physician taught his pupils to examine his patients very attentively.
5.He knew how to use drugs.
6.He paid much attention to diet.
Exercise 4. Answer these questions:
1.Where was Hippocrates born?
2.What was his father?
3.Where did he practise the art of medicine?
4.How did he drive out plague from Athens?
5.How many books does tne Collection consist of?
6.Was does the Collection begin with?
7.What Hippocrates an excellent practitioner or a teacher of medicine?
8.What did he teach his pupils?
9.What was his medicine based on?
10.What idea did he hate?
11.Was he a good surgeon?
Exercise 5. Insert articles where necessary:
1.Hippocrates was....son of … doctor.
2.He was born in....460 B.C.
3.Having studied medicine he wen to.... town.
4.In order to drive out plague from Athens he lit fires in....streets of the city.
5. ….Collection consists of 100 books.
6. Hippocrates was …. excellent practitioner and ….. teacher of medicine.
7.His medicine was based on ... basis of, experience.
8.Hippocrates paid much attention to ... healthy way of life.
9.Central to Hippocrates’ teaching was ... rational approach to disease.
Exercise 6. Insert prepositions or adverbs:
In an attempt to explain states ... the disease and health, Hippocrates defined the existence of four principal fluids ... the body. They were blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile. He also suggested that there were four elemental conditions — cold, hot, dry and moist — and that a state ... health existed when these four fluids and qualities were in balance. Disruption ... the natural balance would result in dis- ease: for example, too much phlegm made the body too cold and too wet.
Exercise 7. Give a summary of the text “Hippocrates – the Father of Medicine”.
Exercise 8.Ask ten questions based on the text and answer them.
Exercise 9. Translate into English:
1.Методы лечения Гиппократа были приницпиально противоположны идеям многих врачей его времению
2. Многие его мысли являются весьма актуальными и сегодня.
3.Мы мало знаем о жизни Гиппократа. Он родился
до нашей эры и умер в 377—359 г.г до н.э.
4.Лечение по Гиппократу основывалось на тщательном обследовании пациента.
5.Последователь Гиппократа Гален основал свою теорию на его концепции четырех жидкостей организма.
6.Много внимания Гиппократ уделял правильному питанию, гигиене и здоровому образу жизни.
* * *
• Read the text, translate and retell it.
Text В
Many years ago nobody knew about chloroform. And when the doctor operated on a patient, the patient suffered great pain. A young doctor in Edinburgh could not see how patients suffered during operations and he tried to find some medicine to help the patient to overcome the pain. The doctor’s name was James Simpson.
Once he came home from the hospital with two other doctors. When he was looking for some papers on his desk he saw a little bottle. He remembered that, one of his friend had sent him a bottle with chloroform. At that time people knew very little about chloroform.
James Simpson opened the bottle. Chloroform had a strong but not an unpleasant smell. He decided to breathe chloroform in and see a result. The two doctors who were in the room decided to do the same. And so they did. As they breathed in the chloroform they became sleepy and soon they fell into a deep sleep.
After the experiment Dr. Simpson began to use chloroform during his operations. It was a very important discovery. Doctors could operate on the people without hurting them and it was easier for the surgeon to operate because the patients were calm and did not move during the operation.
to suffer — страдать
pain — боль
to overcome — преодолеть, снять (о боли)
bottle — пузырек
unpleasant — неприятный
smell — запах
to breathe in — вдохнуть
to fall into a deep sleep — погрузиться вглубокий сон
discovery — открытие
to hurt — причинять боль
calm — спокойный