You probably already know that you can use many uncountable nouns in a countable way with words such as PIECE or BIT:
I ate a small piece of cheese.
Why don’t you add a bit of cream?
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However, we can also use more interesting and specific words.
We often use the names of containers when we talk about amounts of food. These might be items of crockery or cutlery, for example BOWL, PLATE, CUP, GLASS, TABLESPOON or TEASPOON, or items of packaging such as PACKET, BOTTLE, CAN, CARTOON, TUB or TUBE:
I ordered a bowl of soup.
Add a teaspoon of salt.
She ate a whole tub of ice cream.
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It is also common to use words that indicate the shape of an amount of food, for instance SLICE, SLIVER, HUNK, CHUNK, LUMP or SLAB:
The soup contained large chunks of beef.
I used a whole slab of chocolate in the dessert.
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The words PORTION or SERVING indicates an amount sufficient for one person. We use MOUTHFUL for any food or drink. We also use SIP, SLURP, GULP and SWIG for amounts of liquid we swallow at one time:
There are four portions of stew in the pan.
The recipe makes four to six servings.
He ate a few mouthfuls of rice.
I only had a sip of tea.
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With foods that consist of many very small parts, such as rice, sugar or salt we often use GRAIN, while for liquids, we often use DROP. Other words are more closely linked to specific liquids, for instance a DASH (UK)/SPLASH(US) of milk or a GLUG of oil:
Use a fork to separate the grains of rice.
I like a dash (UK)/splash (US) of milk in my tea.
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Other words that are usually used with specific foods are a PINCH of salt and a KNOB of butter:
Add a pinch of salt to the boiling water.
He fried the fish in a knob of butter.
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Finally, there is a group of nouns that describe single parts of a type of food. For instance we talk about CLOVES of garlic, sweetcorn (UK)/corn (US) KERNELS, orange/grapefruit SEGMENTS and coffee BEANS:
Chop two cloves of garlic.
From Dictionaryblog.cambridge.org
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