1. "The illusion of truth"
Is it easier for people with high IQ to see the truth?
You must have heard these sayings:
"It’s better to have a cold and drink hot water."
"What to eat?"
"Sweet people are easily licked by mosquitoes."
At first glance, it seems that there is a point, but there is no basis, so why do people choose to believe? It may be because there are more people talking.
If you repeat a wrong message, people will begin to believe that this is true. Psychologically, this phenomenon is called the illusory truth effect. Many people think that “the illusion of truth” is the limitation of those who do not want to think. On the contrary, those who accept higher education, high intelligence, and dialectical thinking will not easily fall into such a trap – but is that true?
Take a look at a recent study published in PsyArXiv. There are three aspects that are known to affect people’s ability to judge information.
(1) Cognitive ability: related to intellectual factors
(2) Cognitive closure: information that likes certain information to avoid ambiguous and ambiguous information
(3) Cognitive style: can be divided into fast intuitive cognitive style, deliberate cognitive style
Researchers from Ghent University explored the relationship between these three cognitive aspects and the illusion of truth through a series of experiments. First, participants read some real or false common-sense information; followed by psychological tests that complete cognitive ability, cognitive closure needs, and cognitive styles; finally, participants judge the correctness of the information, and the information that is judged again contains two parts. One is the above-mentioned repeated, repeated information, and the other is new information that has not appeared before.
As a result, the truth illusion effect appeared in all seven experiments. That is, regardless of our cognitive characteristics, we tend to believe in repetitive and familiar information. The illusion of truth may be the limitation of all mankind and has nothing to do with IQ.
Even if your IQ is like Einstein, you may believe in an obvious lie.
2. "Animal fear"
spiders, snakes, mice, frogs... Which animal do you most deserve?
I remember when I was in high school, there was a big, long-tailed mouse in the class. "Swipe" and jumped from the classroom door to the top of the air conditioner. The girls all panicked and even shouted. Then the mouse disappeared and everyone thought that the mouse had gotten into the air conditioner, so no one dared to talk about air conditioning all summer.
Many people have inexplicable fears about certain animals, such as snakes, mice, spiders, caterpillars... Researchers from Charles University have also done a horrific study of this:
More than 2,000 participants were invited to rate the fear and nausea of the 25 animals. These animals can give people a strong discomfort, just a few, cockroaches, caterpillars, spiders, cockroaches... Then they made a "disgusting animal illustration" and wanted to see what kind of creatures were almost unbearable to humans.
The results are as follows:
The spider hid the first place, the researchers said, probably because spiders have some strange physical features, such as too many weird legs; and they are everywhere, hidden in dark corners, ceilings, flying fast Climb, climb, climb, climb...
An evolutionary explanation for animal phobia is that certain animals can make people feel the primitive fears of human evolution, especially those that threaten our ancestors, such as spiders and snakes. The Jakub Polák team's research supports this evolutionary view, such as spiders and vipers can cause the strongest fear response of participants, and parasites can trigger the strongest aversion reaction in humans.
In addition, the Jakub Polák team found that women are more likely than men to fear and dislike animals, especially invertebrates such as caterpillars and endoparasites, which is consistent with the evolutionary view that the original female ancestors had higher reproductive costs, not only to look after your own safety, you must also take care of your child's safety, so it is more likely to be alert when faced with potential dangers.
Although excessive fear and disgust can be exhausting, this kind of emotion has a positive effect on people. For example, people who have greater fear of animals may be more cautious and avoid contact with animals that fear and dislike, so that they are not vulnerable.
3. "Emotional Labor" What are you trying to hide?
A new study shows the emotional cost of hiding real identity you want others to know you? What level of understanding is it? It is easy for people to understand each other through some explicit identity features, such as height, weight, and age. But not all people know the identity is called hidden identity, such as sexual orientation, nationality, religious beliefs, disease history and so on. Robyn Berkley from Southern Illinois University and his colleagues believe that if you are a "hidden face" to bring you a sense of shame, it will only show to someone you trust this site while trying to hide this side to all, And I feel exhausted. According to Berkley, disguising yourself requires an “emotional labor”, and when you try to hide an identity, you are already involved in some kind of “performance”.Another study on the workplace found that self-exposure in the workplace can make employees happier. When people self-expose and grow up in the process, understanding and acceptance from others can help people express themselves safely.
To be continued.