In several countries, agricultural land is apace shrinking as a result of it's being employed for construction. the planet is additionally experiencing degradation, degradation and land degradation. Thus, because of erosion, 6-7 million hectares of agricultural land square measure annually withdrawn from the market. geologic process of antecedently land, that covers a minimum of nine million sq. area unit, is additionally a significant threat.
Most of the world's water resources square measure found within the oceans (361 million sq. hectare), that cowlthe Earth's surface in an exceedingly comparatively skinny layer (maximum depth of eleven kilometers). The world's oceans account for regarding ninety fifth of the world's water. Only 2-2.5% is H2O, that is crucial for human life and economic development. If we tend to exclude polar ice, that isn't nevertheless obtainable to be used, individuals will use solely zero.3% of the H2O of stationary amount.
The main directions of economic use of world water resources square measure as follows:
1. Extraction of fish, different food and artificial breeding of fish. Fish catch at the start of the XXI century is quitesixty million tons per annum. Fish farming produces regarding nine million tons per annum from vi million ponds and fish farms.
2. H2O consumption for social unit desires. Out of the full volume of H2O consumption, on the average seventiethis employed for agricultural desires, 2 hundredth - for industrial desires, 100 percent - for public utilities and different functions. the most supply of H2O remains rivers. the quantity of world water consumption is getting ready to 1/4 of the planet's water resources, which might be used. within the world economy there's an inclination to extend water demand. the amount of water use for business, agriculture and social unit desires is ninety seven.1% in Egypt, 84.4% in Israel, four-hundredth in country, 33.7% in Italian Republic, 27.1% in Deutschland, 18.9% within the USA, 17.3% in Turkey, and 2.7% in Russia.
3. Use of rivers and seas as transport arteries, also as for electricity extraction (as hydro resources).
4. use of forest resources. The lined space of the world is forty million sq. kilometers, or 28-30% of the area, however solely twenty three million sq. kilometers square measure appropriate to be used. The world's forest resources square measure characterised by forest cowl, forest space and wood reserves at the foundation. Forest space reflects the dimensions of the realm lined by forests, as well as per capita. Worldwide, wooded areas cowlforty million sq. kilometers, as well as Russia - a minimum of eight, Brazil - 3.2, Canada - 2.6 million sq.kilometers, the u. s. - two million sq. kilometers. Over the past two hundred years, the forest space has been reduced by regarding .
5. Use of natural resource. Minerals embody natural minerals from the crust that may be utilized in a farm either naturally or once pre-processing. trendy economy uses regarding two hundred styles of mineral raw materials. The world's forecast reserves of earth science minerals exceed twelve.5 trillion tons. These reserves accommodates coal (up to 60%), oil and gas (about 27%), shale, peat, etc.
Coal. Of the world's fuel and energy resources, coal reserves square measure the biggest. Coal resources square measure explored in seventy five countries. the biggest coal deposits square measure targeted within the USA, China, Russia, Republic of South Africa, Germany, Australia, nice Great Britain, North American nation and Republic of Poland. per professional estimates, coal availableness reaches many thousand years.
Oil. Oil reserves square measure targeted within the close to and geographical area, Russia, Africa and geographical area. roughly seventy fifth of the world's reserves square measure in Asia. availableness of the planet economy with established oil reserves at the present level of production (about three billion tons per year) is nearly forty five years. It ought to even be taken into consideration that with the present production techniques solely 30-35% of the oil within the submerged is extracted on the typical. fossil fuel. fossil fuel availableness at the present level of its production (2.2 trillion tons per year) is seventy one years. the biggest explored fossil fuelreserves square measure targeted in Russia and Western Asia.
6. Natural resources used for recreation. The role of natural resources used for recreation is continually growing. the foremost necessary recreational square measureas of the planet are chain of mountains (climatic and balneological resorts), the land (sea bathing, water sports and tourism), the French region - the strip of the French Mediterranean coast (recreation and tourism), etc.