1.4. Basic forms.
Teaching origami art should start not only with individual elements of products, but also with the "origami school" - with the basic forms. It is necessary to know the basic forms of products, which will allow you to understand the shape and nature of the object being made, and when creating your own products - to choose the most appropriate version of the base.
One important classic approach to the development of origami is the concept of the base. Base - a simple folded form, which can be developed into a variety of different figures. Formally, the concept of base in origami was not developed until early 1900, the most traditional The figures were created, based on one of the eleven classic basic forms, and the developers of origami in the mid-1900s typically relied on the base as a starting point. Next, we will consider these 11 forms.
The four basic forms come from Eastern culture - the basis of a paper snake, the basis of fish, the basis of a bird and the basis of a frog. The basis of the catamaran has western roots. The base of the pancake is simple enough to appear in both cultures. A water bomb base and a double square were also used in both cultures. The latter, in fact, are inverted versions of each other.
Foldings made in the creation of these forms, divide the angles and edges in half much more often than any other arbitrary way.
From base forms it is possible to make set of figures both flat, and volume. Some base forms are an intermediate stage at performance of more difficult bases. For example, it is possible to make base forms "crane", "frog" from base "square". Basic shapes can be used as independent geometric shapes when solving various geometric problems in primary school. Folding the basic shapes helps children to master such concepts as "triangle", "square", "trapeze", "rectangle"; solve problems on the themes: parallel lines, intersection of lines, division of the segment, division of the angle, area.
The name of the basic forms is the same in many countries, although these are purely conventional names and there may be variants.
A triangle is one of the two simplest basic shapes. In order to add it, you only need to make one fold - to draw a diagonal square.
The book - the next simple basic form. As with folding of the triangle, all we need to do is make one fold.
The door is the basic shape of a door, which is made from a book.
A kite is another fairly simple basic shape. It comes out of a triangle.
Pancake - The folds of this form seem very simple, but in my opinion, it is one of the most promising basic forms. Note that, by folding the square, we came back to the square. So, we can put together one of the basic shapes from it. Such basic forms are called pancake basic forms.
Fish - The name speaks for itself. Before you are the head, tail and two fins. All that remains is to give them the shape they need.
Double triangle - another name of the double triangle - water bomb.
Double square - if you turn the double square inside out, you get a double triangle.
Home - the name is chosen based on the appearance of the figure.
Bird - the bird has wings, head and tail. There are some of them in this basic form.
Catamaran - it is very easy to make a plowman out of this form. As well as a lot of vessels.
Frog - from this form you can fold both a frog and a flower.
From the basic form of "Crane Crane" can be folded: horse, crane, stork, elephant, cow, reindeer, monkey, crow, spaniel, sparrow, grasshopper, dragonfly, mask of the Buddha, standing crane, star ...
From the basic form of the "hat" can be summed up: gorilla, sombrero, a frog, a sea turtle, flowers, a bat, a rocket...
From the basic form of "Camel" you can fold: giraffe, camel, hare, kangaroo, squirrel, elephant, swan, carp, sheep, deer, mask of Death, donkey, flowers...
From the basic form of "Pony" can be summed up: jumping pony, flashlight, mask of the Japanese opera, hydrangea, frames for photos, ornament...
Naturally, the deer made of the basic form of "Crane" will differ from the deer made of the basic form of "Camel", not only on the technique of execution, but also on the possibilities of that basic form.
To the basic forms can be attributed and modules that serve as the basis for the manufacture of not only geometric and architectural forms, but also the creation of figures of animals, birds and flowers. The quantity of the modules used at figure manufacturing, can fluctuate from four to several hundreds. Basically, they are fastened without the help of glue, for this purpose, the modules have different combinations of pockets and valves.