Canada occupies the northern part of North America and owns the islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
- - East of Newfoundland Island.
- Canada is one of the largest countries in terms of area (9.9 million square kilometers), with a population of about 30 million.
- The capital is Ottawa. The official languages are English and French. The unit of currency is the Canadian dollar.
The natural conditions of this vast country are diverse. Eastern Canada is a sublime a plain of lakes and rivers. The extreme west is occupied by the Cordillera mountain ranges. Between the mountains and plains of the eastern part of the country lie the Great Plains.
- To the south of the tundra, from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, there are coniferous forests, the famous Canadian taiga, rich in wood and fur-bearing beasts. Especially beautiful are the small areas of mixed forests, where beautiful maples grow among broad-leaved species. Maple leaf is depicted on the national flag of the country. Plains in the interior of the country were once occupied by steppe vegetation. Now their fertile soil and chestnut soils are plowed.
- The climate is harsh in most of Canada. Less severe climatic conditions of the middle, western and southern parts of the country. This is where the main population of Canada is concentrated.
- Canada has large reserves of coal, oil and natural gas. However, the reserves of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, iron ores, nickel, copper, and uranium ores are particularly significant. Canada is rich in fertile soils, forests, and rivers, and has large water reserves. The banks of Newfoundland Island are rich in fish.
- By the beginning of European colonization, Canada had been inhabited by people. Eskimos lived in the north and the rest of the land was inhabited by Indian hunting and fishing tribes. Only the Iroquois and Huron tribes, along with hunting, were engaged in agriculture. The first Europeans to establish permanent settlements in Canada were the French who settled in the valley of the St. Lawrence River. Later on, French and English colonies were founded on the coast, between which there was a constant struggle for new lands. Until 1763, Canada belonged to France. In 1763 England conquered Canada. A smaller part of Canada's population is made up of indigenous peoples (Indians and Eskimos). The largest part is made up of descendants of European colonists and other migrants from European countries.
- Canada is a sparsely populated country. The average population density is 2-3 people per square kilometer. The bulk of the population lives in the south of the country, especially the valley of the St. Lawrence River, the northern coast of the Great Lakes and the plains to the east of the Cordilleras are densely populated. Most of Canada's population lives in cities. The city in this country is considered to be a town with more than 1 thousand inhabitants. The largest city in the country in Montreal, with a population of over 1 million.
- The culture of Canadians is not much different from that of developed European countries and the United States. The life of Canadians is not very different: almost all of them are literate, enjoy the achievements of modern civilization and borrow elements of "pop culture" of the USA. Cities of Canada are mainly built in the XIX-XX centuries. and have features of European (English) architecture. The rural population, as in the U.S., lives on farms, where the houses have all modern amenities. Only in the French provinces of the country elements of old culture and life are preserved. Rural settlements (villages) here are stretched along the road or river. The houses are massive, stone or wooden.
- Only in some cities, you can see the elements of the culture of immigrants. This is Quebec with a citadel in the old part of the city surrounded by a fortress wall. Ancient churches and castles, narrow streets and many museums have made the city an important tourist destination. Canadian culture reflects the great ethnic diversity. There are cultural traditions of the Eskimos and Indians, Anglo-Canadians and Franco-Canadians, descendants of other European nations. In the new homeland, immigrants have created their own folklore: ballads, historical songs, legends of loggers, fishermen, and sailors.
- The population of the vast northern territories is engaged in reindeer herding, hunting, and fishing. Fishing is well developed in the coastal waters of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Among the types of transport, apart from railroads, there is also road, aviation, and pipeline transport. New transport routes stretch to the north of the country, where mineral wealth is developed.
- Among them are Niagara Falls (its Canadian part) and Niagara Falls, a tourist destination; the province of Quebec, the edge of lakes and forests and its city of Montreal, the eastern gate of Canada; the largest city in the country; and Quebec, a city with a typical French flavor and "the only walled city in North America". To the west, on the Pacific coast, Vancouver, Canada's important economic hub is located. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, located in a picturesque area: warm ocean waters, high wooded slopes of mountains, the tops of which are covered with glaciers, rivers, and lakes. Vancouver is the largest port for grain export from Canada.