Alarming disorders are most common among children's emotional disorders. The scientific literature shows an increase in anxiety among primary school-age children.
The prevalence of anxiety, on the one hand, and its obvious negative impact on personal development and social adaptation, on the other, determine the relevance of this study.
The development of an emotional and volitional sphere, with which personality formation is closely linked, is a complex and long-term process that characterizes mental development. It occurs under the direct influence of others, primarily adults, raising the child. Without knowledge of the peculiarities of the emotional sphere of children, it is difficult to react correctly to their actions, choose the appropriate condemnation or encouragement, purposefully manage education.
The social situation of development as an essential characteristic of the age period, reflecting the specific relationship between the child and the environment, determines the objective place of the child in the system of social relations, the peculiarities of the child's understanding of his social position, and sets specific tasks, the solution of which is the content of mental development at a given age.
The emergence and formation of basic psychological neoplasms occurs in the leading activity. In the younger school age, the leading activity is educational, and the social situation of development can be presented as a “child-parent”.
Play is a natural communication environment for the child, represents his or her self-expression and a way to adapt to his or her own world. Children express themselves more fully and directly in spontaneous play than in words, and for this reason play is primarily a means of communication for children.
The main function of the game is that it is a symbolic language for the child's self-expression. With the help of the game, the child is able to turn something unimaginable in real life into controllable situations. The importance of play in a child's life determines that playful methods play a leading role in psychological work with children. Along with individual methods, group play methods are widely used.
The working system of therapeutic relationships with children is best developed in play, and these relationships are a cornerstone of psycho correction work. Group play therapy is a psychological and social process in which children interact with each other and acquire new knowledge not only about others but also about themselves. In the process of interaction, they help each other to take responsibility for building interpersonal relationships. The psychological mechanism of identification allows the child to master necessary constructive ways of behavior in various life situations.
Subsequently, children transfer these ways of interaction outside the group into everyday life.
Anxiety is a very widespread psychological phenomenon of our time. Problems related to anxiety are quite often faced by today's younger students. A large number of researchers deal with the problem of anxiety. The analysis of researches of various authors allows considering factors of display of children's anxiety as, on the one hand, congenital, psycho dynamic characteristic and, on the other hand, as a condition and result of socialization. In other words, the causes of anxiety lie in both natural and social factors of the child's mental development.