2. Levels of adaptation of children to school
I. High level of adaptation: the first-grader has a positive attitude to the school requirements, perceives adequately the educational material and is easily, attentively, shows great interest in independent study, occupies a favorable status in the class.
II. Average level of adaptation: the first-grader has a positive attitude to school, its attendance does not cause negative feelings, understands educational material, learns the basic content of curricula, is concentrated and attentive at performance of tasks, is concentrated only when he is occupied with something interesting for him (prepares for lessons and performs homework almost always), is friends with many classmates.
III. Low level of adaptation: the first-grader has a negative attitude to the school, complaints about ill-health are not uncommon, depressed mood prevails, there are observed violations of discipline, the material explained by the teacher is absorbed in a fragmented manner, when performing independent tasks he does not show any interest, lessons are prepared irregularly, constant control is required, for understanding the new problem solving according to the model, significant assistance of the teacher and parents is required, public assignments are carried out under control without special desire, he knows that he has no close friends.
In order for the period of adaptation to school to pass relatively easily, the child should try to have normal family relationships. Try to solve conflict situations without the child's presence.
3. the main problem of a child's adaptation to school
3.1 Discipline
The main difficulty children face in school is the requirements of a certain discipline. To a greater or lesser extent, they are deprived of their freedom of action. Lessons are mostly 40 minutes each, but for a child, it is quite a long time. It is necessary to sit in one place, it is impossible to talk to the neighbor on a desk, with the teacher it is possible to speak only with his permission when others are silent. In this case, we are talking about the traditional system of education.
3.2 Consideration of the child's individual abilities
We need to determine the type of temperament to which the child belongs.
Usually, people have four types of temperament:
1. choleric;
2. Sanguine;
3. Phlegmatic;
4. Melancholic.
It is important to note that pure temperaments are almost non-existent. It may be about the dominance of a particular type of child.
Choleric. In terms of external manifestations - it is an energetic and active child, but it can be super energetic. The main feature of the process of excitation prevails over the process of inhibition. It is difficult to reassure such a child if he or she "disperse" during the game, or to switch from active activities to classes. Parents of such children should recommend the following:
- Finding a school where there is a teacher who practices playful methods at the initial stage of education, this will greatly facilitate adaptation to the school;
- Intensively work with the child, accustoming him/her to the regulation of time and actions, training him/her.
Sanguine. A mobile child, with high performance, does not get tired during games or classes, easily enough to switch from one to another, is not inclined to fall into depression. As for the possible adaptation problems, they are the same as in choleric children.
Phlegmatic. This type of temperament is dominated by slow reactions. They are manifested in the pace of speech, in the manner of moving, in the poor and smooth gestures. But this is a strong type of temperament, it has high efficiency. He does not immediately get involved in some business, but, having started work, will be engaged diligently, carefully. But he may have difficulties: if the lesson is going on at a rapid pace, the child - phlegmatic will not always perceive the proposed material.
Melancholic. Weakness of the nervous system is manifested in low performance, rapid fatigue, high sensitivity. As a consequence, melancholic is very vulnerable in communication and interaction with the outside world. Because of its weakness melancholic hardly withstand any tension - not only prolonged and intense mental stress, mental stress, but also conflicts that he is experiencing particularly strongly and acutely.
In this case, the main advice to parents is to select the teacher according to the individual abilities of the child. We advise parents not to put pressure on the temperament of the child. Training of intellectual skills should be aimed at accustoming the child to long-term activities that require concentration and intense thinking. To this end, exercises, intellectual games are conducted, and the theme, form, and duration of classes change gradually (from 10 to 15 minutes), the child will be drawn into the learning process.
to be continued in the next part https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5d930ba634808200b0df0351/adapting-a-child-to-school-is-an-essay-part-3-5d94505d1febd400ad8bedba