The concept of statehood and the main features.
Statehood is a concept for a state-organized form of society, which is characterized by the following features:
1) State and legal institutions
2) A national-state idea
Depending on methodological orientations, the term "statehood" is attributed to different meanings.
Within the framework of the systemic approach, statehood is considered to be a complex state organism consisting of the principles of the ideology of domination, its structures and apparatus (I. Isaev).
From a relational point of view, Russian statehood is considered as the relationship between the supreme power and the union of people (L. Tikhomirov).
In the activity approach, statehood is considered as a practical activity of the institutions of state power (S. Avagyan), which solve historical problems in society (A. Vengerov).
Thus, the statehood includes:
a) state-legal institutions
b) A national-state idea
State legal institutions manage society and perform integrative, mobilization and regulatory functions.
A national-state idea is a system of ideas about ideals and long-term development goals, as well as a system of principles of interaction between the state and society, the state and the individual, the state and the natural environment, the state and the world community.
National and state interests.
National-state interests - a concept to denote a set of common interests in a single state space, which is characterized by the following features:
1) is determined by economic and geopolitical relations of the state, cultural and historical traditions, the need to ensure security, etc.
2) is formed in the process of historical development
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In Western political science, national interests are identified with state interests, as Western countries are mono-national states. The nation is a dual entity of civil society and the state, so the national interest is of general interest, which eliminates the contradictions between the interests of the state and civil society and includes such parameters as the acquisition of resources and the improvement of material well-being of the population.
In domestic political science, however, differences in the fundamental order of understanding national interests are revealed.
In Russian political science, there is a difference between a fixed (constant, permanent) and variable content of national interest. The invariable part includes the task of ensuring the external security of the state. The variable content is considered through the prism of national traditions, personal qualities of political leaders, trends in economic and social spheres of public life, etc.
There are two levels of national interests of the state:
-The level of the main foreign policy interests is connected with ensuring the state security and integrity as a socioeconomic, political, national-historical and cultural community, with the protection of economic and political independence of the state, which is provided by all military, economic, diplomatic and ideological means.
-The level of specific interests covers separate, relatively private, although important, interests of the state in the sphere of international relations.
At present, in Russia, which has declared its transition to the rule of law and civil society, the basic interests of the individual, the individual, the individual, the society and the state are a unified system of national interests. Russia's national and political interests also cover the economy, domestic, international, defense and information spheres, social sphere, spiritual life and culture.
In general, the following is one of the most important national and state interests of Russia:
- Completion of the process of formation of Russia within the current borders as a modern Russian state, i.e. reorganization of the post-Soviet space and creation of a belt of friendly states around it;
- Further reduction of the threat of large-scale warfare, strengthening of strategic stability, consistent demilitarization of relations between Russia and NATO;
- conflict prevention, crisis management and dispute resolution in the former Soviet Union;
- Inclusion in world economic relations on the most favorable conditions for the national economy.