At the beginning of 1920, the Soviet Republic, as a result of the defeat of the main forces of the internal counter-revolution and foreign interventionists, again received a peaceful respite, which had to be used to heal the severe wounds inflicted by the war. The country lay in ruins, experiencing fuel starvation, needed food. Heroic efforts and self-sacrifice were needed to revive the national economy.
At Lenin's suggestion, the Soviet government created the State Commission for the electrification of Russia (GOELRO) and instructed it to develop a plan for the restoration and development of the national economy on the basis of electrification of the country. About two hundred of the largest specialists were involved in this work. The main objective of the plan, Lenin believed to ensure the economic independence and independence of Russia, the creation of a new technical base, a large machine industry.
In late March - early April 1920, the IX Congress of the RCP(b) took place.
An interesting application for re-registration of members of the Moscow organization of the RCP(b), completed by Lenin on 17 September 1920. In it, he answered 45 questions. These answers testify to the greatest simplicity and modesty of Lenin. Here is one of many facts. Vladimir Ilyich knew several languages. He was fluent in writing, reading, speaking at Comintern congresses, conversing with foreign delegations in English, French and German, reading in Polish and Italian, understanding Swedish and Czech. And on question questionnaire: "on any languages, except Russian, say, are reading, write? Lenin replied: "French, German, English; everything is bad." Another characteristic example. To the question of the questionnaire: "what was your participation in the October revolution?"- Vladimir Ilyich replied: "a member of the Central Committee," thus emphasizing the collective solution of issues in the party Central Committee. Collective leadership Lenin considered the highest principle of party and state leadership and strictly adhered to this principle in his work.
In April-may 1920, Lenin wrote the work "Childhood illness" leftism " in communism." In this work Lenin summarized the rich revolutionary experience of the Russian Bolsheviks and the international labor movement and on this basis developed the most important questions of strategy and tactics of the Communist parties in the era of the General crisis of capitalism, in the conditions of existence and struggle of the two socio-political systems.
Lenin sharply opposed the so-called" left Communists " who proclaimed and called for the implementation of the slogan of the offensive, regardless of the specific political conditions. He showed the failure of the tactics of the "left Communists", which could lead to the defeat of the Communist movement, and called for an irreconcilable struggle against all forms of opportunism and revisionism, causing great harm to the unity and cohesion of the international Communist movement. He called on the Communists of the world to master all forms of revolutionary struggle, to work persistently to win over the broad masses of the working people to the side of communism. Addressing them, Lenin wrote:"the Communists must know that the future in any case belongs to them." This work was published on the eve of the second Congress of the Comintern and was important for its ideological and organizational strengthening.
The book "the Childhood illness of "leftism" in communism " did not lose relevance later. It was published and reprinted in different countries, and in the Soviet Union alone, as of January 1, 1986, it was published in 63 languages with a total circulation of more than 13.2 million copies.
On July 19, 1920, beginning in Petrograd and then continuing on July 23 in Moscow, the second Congress of the Comintern was held. Lenin's speeches at the Congress gave a profound analysis of the international economic and political situation that had developed as a result of the victory of the proletarian revolution in Russia. He showed that the first world war and the October revolution marked the beginning of the General crisis of capitalism, defined the main features of the crisis: the split of the world into socialist and capitalist systems, the aggravation of economic contradictions and class struggle in the countries of capital, the crisis of the colonial system of imperialism. The October revolution of 1917 gave a powerful impetus to the national liberation movement in China, India, Indonesia and other colonial countries. Lenin closely followed the events and attached great importance to them. He addressed the second Congress with a draft resolution on the national liberation movement, in which he put forward and justified the position that backward and liberated from the yoke of imperialism countries with the help of socialist countries can move to socialism, bypassing the capitalist stage of development.
The peaceful life of the Soviet Country did not last long. At the end of April 1920, the troops of bourgeois Poland invaded the territory of Ukraine and occupied Kiev. And in Crimea, the former tsarist General Wrangel dug in, who launched an offensive on Donbass, Russia's coal "Stoker", and Kuban, the Russian granary. "... "We are not defending the right to plunder foreign peoples," Lenin said, " but we are defending our proletarian revolution and will defend it to the end. That Russia which was released which in two years suffered the Soviet revolution, we will protect this Russia to the last drop of blood". The civil war and foreign military intervention ended with the victory of the red Army. The commander of the Southern front M. V. Frunze telegraphed to V. I. Lenin: "today our cavalry is occupied by Kerch. The southern front has been liquidated." The telegram is dated November 16, 1920.
The establishment of Soviet power soon began in Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia, where bourgeois-nationalist governments were then in power. The workers of Transcaucasia rose to the revolutionary struggle, which led to the victory of the workers and peasants, to the proclamation of Soviet power. V. I. Lenin warmly welcomed the formed Soviet republics of the Caucasus, expressed firm confidence,"... that their close Union will create a model of national peace, unprecedented under the bourgeoisie and impossible in the bourgeois system." At the same time, Lenin warned the Transcaucasian Communists against copying the methods of struggle for Soviet power in the Central regions of Russia. He spoke of the need to take into account the peculiarity of local conditions, of compliance with the peasantry, who made up the majority of the population of those places.
The walls of Lenin's office were filled with bookcases, which contained about two thousand books. A significant part of the library was located in a room adjacent to the reception of the Sovnarkom. In total, the Lenin library in the Kremlin had more than 10 thousand books, magazines and other printed publications, including more than a thousand books in English, French, German and other languages. Books on history, political economy, world economy, Russian economy, natural science, philosophy, technology, military art and other branches of knowledge were widely presented; Russian and world fiction.
In the study hung many maps, atlases, which Lenin constantly used in his work. Above the sofa is a portrait of Marx, presented to Lenin by Petrograd workers, and a bas-relief of Stepan Khalturin.
Vladimir Ilyich's working day began early in the morning and ended late at night. Here he developed plans for peaceful socialist construction. From here he led the defense of the Republic of Soviets during the civil war and military foreign intervention. Here he met and talked with prominent figures of the international Communist and labor movement.
In this office meetings with workers, peasants-walkers from near and far villages, with representatives of the proletarian intelligentsia often took place. Conversations with them gave Lenin good, life-tested material for the development of plans for socialist construction.
One of the doors of the office led to the corridor, the other - in the so-called "booth" (switchboard), the third door led to the meeting room of the people's Commissar. At the end of the corridor to the premises of the people's Commissar adjoined the apartment of Lenin and Krupskaya.