1.2 The concept of "art therapy".
It is rather difficult to give an exhaustive definition of art therapy, because it depends to a certain extent on the theoretical ideas and the field of practical activity of a specialist, on the models of art therapy typical for a particular country and the degree of their "maturity". Examples of different understandings of art therapy can be given.
Edith Kramer considered it possible to achieve positive effects, first, due to the "healing" possibilities of the very process of artistic creation, which gives the opportunity to express and relive internal conflicts and, ultimately, to resolve them.
Adrian Hill connects healing possibilities of visual activity with the possibility of distracting the patient from "painful experiences".
Margaret Hamburg believes that as a result of artistic activities a person overcomes doubts about his ability to freely express his fears, acts in contact with his unconscious and "talks" to him in the symbolic language of images. Expressing the content of one's own inner world helps one to cope with the problem.
Thus, we can say that some scientists emphasize that artistic creativity helps a psychotherapist to establish closer contact with the client and get access to his experiences, others - that the healing effect of artistic creativity is achieved, primarily, by distracting from the painful and creating a positive mood, and others - that it itself can sublimate his feelings and give way to destructive trends.
The existence of many points of view on what art therapy represents is quite natural. Besides, art-therapeutic visual work implies a wide range of different materials.
Along with paints, pencils, wax crayons or pastels, magazines, colored paper, foil, textiles, clay, plasticize, etc. are often used. It is necessary to have a paper of different sizes, brushes of different sizes, sponges for painting large spaces, scissors, threads, scotch, etc.
The "mechanism" of prose or poetry therapy is such that a shy person in the form of a poem can describe his or her experiences by hiding behind the back of his or her hero as if this did not apply to him or her.
The impact of music on a person is on three levels - vibrations, emotional and spiritual. Properly selected music has a positive effect on the person.
For example, the mother lulls her baby with a lullaby song, causing a protective inhibition, with which the strength of the healing effect is not comparable to the dream induced by taking a sleeping pill. LFC methodologies conduct classes under the accompaniment of music, allowing to strengthen the therapeutic and training effect of the procedure. Midwives use music at certain stages of childbirth.
Art therapy is radical in nature. It is associated with the discovery of the internal forces of man and allows a lot:
* Develop spontaneity and improve attention, memory, thinking (cognitive skills);
* To learn about your life experience from an unusual perspective;
* To learn to communicate on an exotic level (using visual, motor and sound means);
* Express oneself by pleasing oneself and others;
* Develop valuable social skills (in group work);
* Develop new roles and latent personality traits and observe how changes in one's own behavior affect others;
* To increase self-esteem, which leads to the strengthening of personal identity;
* Develop decision-making skills;
* Relax, throw out negative thoughts and feelings;
* Engage in the visual arts and realize your ability to create.
In the foreground is art therapy - belief in the creative basis of the person. But the tasks are not to make all people artists or actors, but to excite the individual's activity aimed at the realization of his or her maximum creative potential to solve the problem.
To is continued in the next part. https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5d930ba634808200b0df0351/artterapiia-at-school-is-a-report-part-3-5d9333b8a3f6e400ad1c6a05