Imposing - the impact of one person on another, partially or completely unrecognizable.
Impulse - presentation of information that is perceived without critical assessment and influencing the course of nervous - mental influences.
Senses, perceptions, emotional states and volitional impulses can be caused by compulsion, and there is also an impact on vegetative functions without active participation, without logical processing of the perceived (A.M. Svyadoshch).
Impulse is a component of normal human communication, but it can act as a specially organized type of communication that does not imply a critical perception of information that is contrary to the belief.
If the belief is accompanied by inevitable criticism, to a greater or lesser extent manifested by the convinced, the suggestion, as figuratively expressed by V.I. Bekhterev is included in the consciousness of a person "not from the front entrance, but as if from the back wing, bypassing the guard - criticism".
Impression is impossible in the absence of semantic (semantic) co-containment and communication. For example, a person cannot be compelled to do anything in a language he does not know.
The volume of a word as a specific irritant of IND can be shown in the following cases. Often, if one person declares that the room is cold, then other people in the room begin to feel that they are also cold. Mention of tasty food causes increased saliva production. The word can cause not only relatively simple but also complex emotional reactions. Joyful news makes our heartbeat more often, makes us breathe more quickly and makes us smile.
A big sensation in medical circles was made by the reports about the possibility of causing various trophic changes of the skin in hypnosis by verbal suggestion: bruises, blisters, burns. Sumbayev and Bakhtiyarov describe experiments in which hypnosis subjects were verbally suggestive of subcutaneous hemorrhages as a consequence of an imaginary injury, and they emphasize that hypnosis may cause not only the trophic changes in the subject's skin, which took place earlier.
In addition to the semantic information, additional - verifying information is introduced, which increases the reliability of the basic information. For example, you can say to the person being hypnotized, "Eyes have become heavier" or "Eyes have become heavier". In the second case, the additional information in the word "completely" is carried by your voice - intonation of speech, facial expressions and one of the main components - your authority.
If this additional information is not available, then the effect of suggestion will not come. And the more confident the tone of the person speaks, the more verified the action is in his speech.
V.N. Kulikov sees the social and psychological aspects of the phenomena of suggestion in connection with the following features.
First of all, the content of suggestion is always socially determined, as it is determined by the ideology, morality, politics of the society, whose interests and goals are protected by the source of suggestive information.
Second, the process of suggestion is the interaction of members of a suggestive couple, whose role is played by social communities and their personal components.
Third, the course and outcome of the process of suggestion depends on the person who makes the suggestive impact, as well as the influences they experience from their social environment.
At present, the suggestion is an integral part of normal human communication. Together with other means of communication, suggestion fulfills important social and psychological functions:
- contributes to the formation of people's social psychology, the introduction of similar views and beliefs, opinions and assessments, norms of activity and behavior into the consciousness
- directs and regulates the activity of a person, encouraging or discouraging certain deeds and actions.
It is interesting to note that the writer Tolstoy and psychoneurological Bekhterev at different times and in different ways came to the same idea of the enormous importance of suggestion in education. "Children are always there, and the younger they are, in what doctors call the first step-new hypnosis. And children learn and are brought up thanks to this condition. So people always learn and are brought up only through compulsion, committed consciously and unconsciously.