Sacrifice gods are mostly Taoist gods
The Taishan Fujun Festival mainly worships 12 mourning gods, namely, "Taishan Prefecture Jun", "Ji Luo Tian Zi", "Five Great Gods", "Tianguan", "District Officials", "Water Officials", "Shou Ming", "Shu", "Life" "The same generals" "Land spirit only" "family literati". The Japanese academic community generally believes that the above gods are derived from the "Ten Kings Faith" of Buddhism.
However, after researching, the author believes that the twelve gods are mostly from China's folk beliefs and are homologous to the Taoist god. For example, “Tianguan”, “District Official” and “Shuiguan” are collectively referred to as “Three Officials”, which is an indispensable resurrection of the gods in the Taoist rituals; “Sai Ming” is the “Northern Scriptures” and “Taiping” With the "Clouds and Seven Signs" and other Taoist books, the god of life is in charge; "Silu" originated from the folk beliefs of Wenchang Emperor and Sui God, and under the influence of Taoism, he was transformed into a god of fame and fortune. "Ben Ming" originated from the Chinese people's "seeking the stars", and later Taoism developed it into the "60th Jiazi" and "60th Yuan" beliefs, and set the "Ben Ming" to sacrifice the life of God, its early Taoist classics. In the "Tai Shang Xuan Ling Beidou, the life of the Yanzheng Jingjing" is regarded as the god of fate of the dominating people. The "family literati" is a typo in the transcript, which should be "family and relatives", a form of ancestor worship produced by the integration of Taoism and Chinese folk beliefs. In addition, from the names of more than forty kinds of yin and yang rituals presided over by the Yin and Yang divisions in the late Heian period in Japan (such as the Tiancao Prefecture, the natal festival, the spiritual ritual, the Taiyin festival, the Tugong festival, etc.), the worship gods are mostly Chinese. Taoist gods. Therefore, some Japanese scholars have attributed the twelve sacred gods to the god of Buddhism.
Sacrifice is similar to Zhangye
The exerciser of the Taishan Prefecture in Japan is the Yinyang Master, and the executor of the Taoist Zhangzhang is generally “high-powered”. Although the two have their own characteristics, the Yin and Yang divisions overlap with the Taoist Gaogong in the division. Although the Yin and Yang divisions engaged in sacrificial offerings do not have a "Taoguan", they are under the jurisdiction of the government-led yin and yang institutions, and both of them exercise religious affairs under group organization. In addition to being responsible for sacrifices, the Yin and Yang divisions also control techniques such as missing engravings and astronomy. Their responsibilities are similar to those of early Taoism. A picture in the Museum of Tokyo's "Unmoved Interests" (14th century) depicts the scene of the Taishan Prefectural Sacrifice: the yin and yang of the official uniform is sitting on the ground and reading a plaque, with a pile of firewood burning next to it. There is a long table for the table, and the placards such as "silver money" and "white enamel" made of paper are placed on the table. The paper marks on the front of the table are painted with "saddle horse" and "brave slave". The whole ritual scene is similar to the Taoist ritual ritual recorded in the "Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi". "There is a coin, burning incense and reading. The cloud plays on Tian Cao, please be the essay, the top chapter. In the night, under the stars , set the wine cellar cake bait coins, the history of the Emperor Taiyi, 祀 five stars in the list, for the book as the above chapter instrument to play, the name is 醮". The time of the Taishan Fujun Festival is mostly "Moon Star See, Heaven and Goodness", and Taoist Zhang Jun time "Night, under the Stars" is similar.
From this, it can be seen that the content of the rituals of the Taishan Prefecture, the immortal thoughts, and the process of rituals all contain a strong imprint of Taoist culture. According to this, it can be speculated that at least during the Ping An period in Japan, Taoist thoughts began to affect the personal life of the Emperor and the nobles, and confirmed that during the Heian period, the Chinese Taoist beliefs did have a dip in Japanese culture.
Historically, Japan has often developed its own culture with reference to the surrounding strong national culture. Ancient China has had a profound influence on Japanese culture. With the decline of modern China and the rise of Western powers, the eyes of Japanese learning have shifted from China to Europe and America. Especially after the Meiji Restoration, Japan’s “de-Asian” thinking of “abandoning the spirit of Confucianism, separating from Chinese thought, and absorbing Western civilization” prevailed. Affected by this idea, Japanese scholars have adopted a tendency to evade Chineseization of many historical and cultural heritages. In the study of intellectual history, it is also necessary to eliminate the influence of Taoist culture. It is true that Japan is not lacking in innovation in the process of absorbing Chinese traditional culture, but it should also respect the historical facts of cultural communication.