On the basis of the distribution of produced products on the group "A" (production of means of production) and "B" (production of consumer goods) the overwhelming part of the production of the food industry belongs to the second division. However, between branches of the food-processing industry there are considerable industrial communications expressed in that a part of raw materials is exposed to primary processing and goes not on direct consumption, and on the further industrial processing. This share of food industry production according to the existing classification of the Central Statistical Office of Ukraine belongs to the means of production, i.e. to the group "A". In separate branches it is rather considerable: in meat, oil-fat, salt over 50 % of total production volume, in sugar and sandy - over 60 %. In the total volume of gross production of the food industry, the specific weight of group "A" makes up more than one-fourth of the total volume of food industry production.
- The food industry is connected with other branches of the national economy. It receives hundreds of thousands of tons of metal, cement, etc. from the heavy industry. Manufacture of the technological equipment for the food-processing industry delivered by mechanical engineering, for 1958-1965 has increased in 2,3 times. The large consumer of production of wood and paper industry (millions cubic meters of container materials, building wood, plywood, hundreds thousand tons of paper and cardboard) are the enterprises of the food-processing industry. They also need hundreds of millions of bottles, cans and other glass containers, tens of millions of bags, network materials - from the light industry.
Production links of food and chemical industries on various kinds of materials are growing rapidly. Fuel and energy industry supplies food enterprises with all kinds of energy and steam-millions of tons of coal, oil, millions of cubic meters of firewood, etc.
In turn, the food industry transfers a number of products to other sectors of the economy for further processing and use. The main types of these products include alcohol, salt, starch, dextrin, vegetable oil, drying oil, oil, glycerin, and other technical fats, as well as animal skins, bristles, hair, blood products, glue, down, feather, raw materials for medical products.
- The most valuable waste is received from the food industry agriculture - pulp, bard, pellet, bone and fish meal, etc. It is with the socialist agriculture that the food industry is most closely connected, transforming the major part of the total volume of production of animal husbandry and plant growing.
Throughout all period of the development the food-processing industry rendered to collective farms in zones of the arrangement of the food enterprises the organizational and agronomic help, and in years of pre-war five years has created a network of sovkhozes for the supply of collective farm manufacture with seeds of the grades of technical cultures necessary for the industry. now in the system of the food-processing industry it is again transferred about sovkhozes. When making certain requirements regarding the properties and conditions of raw materials, the food industry, in turn, should take into account the specialization of agricultural production. the basis of relations between the food industry and agriculture is a combination of interests of concentrated industrial production and rational specialization of agriculture.
- All aforesaid defines a place of the food-processing industry in a national economy of the USSR, characterizes its importance as the large branch of the socialist industry playing a decisive role in the solution of a problem of satisfaction of growing demand of the Soviet people for various and high-quality foodstuffs.
Division of labor.
The food industry of the USSR actively participates in the economic cooperation of socialist countries. The division of labor between socialist countries is of great importance for the mutual provision of the national economy with necessary types of equipment, raw materials and supply of the population with various consumer goods. About 70% of the foreign trade turnover of our country is accounted for by the brotherly countries of the socialist commonwealth. Expansion of mutual deliveries of foodstuffs between the countries - members of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance - the organizer of economic cooperation - allows enriching the assortment of foodstuffs in the internal markets of these countries and provides a stable and long-term base for sale of these products. Purchases of products of the food-processing industry allow satisfying better inquiries of the Soviet consumer. Over the years of seven years of its existence, there has been a wide development of import from the member countries of CMEA fruit, tobacco, canned fruits and vegetables, sausage and dairy products, winemaking products and various types of food raw materials. An important part of the foreign trade turnover of the countries CMEA members is the mutual supply of equipment for food enterprises.
The food industry of the USSR receives from the brotherly countries different types of technological equipment for various industries and complete sets for equipping new buildings with the necessary equipment. Significant construction of the fishing fleet for the USSR is carried out in Poland and the GDR. Sets of full equipment of sugar plants supply us with Poland, GDR, and Czechoslovakia, sets of breweries and canneries produce Czechoslovakia and Hungary. A large number of high-performance equipment from the countries - members of the CMEA - are received by dairy, confectionery, oil and fat and other food industries.
- But the foreign trade turnover is just one of the manifestations of multistoronious forms of economic cooperation of the CMEA member-countries, which sets the tasks of the most complete use of economic resources and coordination of the development of brotherly socialist countries for more rapid progress towards the common goal - the construction of communism.
These versatile forms receive the expression and in the food-processing industry Now the considerable quantity of the food enterprises carries out cooperation on an exchange of experience in questions of the organization and planning of manufacture and work, development of new methods and manufacture of new products. They are provided with mutual information on the newest methods of raw materials processing, registration of finished products and ways of their quality preservation.
Design and research institutes hold bilateral consultations, organize joint research in the field of engineering and production technology, mechanization and automation of production processes.
They promote the organization of exhibitions, inspections of samples of equipment and products, the convening of symposiums on the exchange of scientific achievements. For example, joint expeditions are carried out in the fishing industry to study the World Ocean reserves, technical documentation is exchanged in a number of industries, etc.
This mutually beneficial economic and scientific-technical cooperation between the teams of enterprises and organizations of the food industry of the USSR and the corresponding branches of food industry of the fraternal socialist countries has a beneficial impact on the acceleration of development, promotes concentration and specialization of production, creates savings in public labor costs.
There is no doubt that this cooperation, which is of great mutual interest, will continue in the future on the basis of voluntariness, full equality, respect for sovereignty and national interests, mutual benefit and friendly mutual assistance.