In design bureaus of research institutes the newest types of equipment, designs of the automated and mechanized flow lines and other kinds of technical equipment are developed. Specialists-food specialists with higher education - technologists, mechanics, and economists - prepare special high schools of food industry: in Moscow - technological institute of food industry, All-Union Correspondence Institute of food industry and technological institute of meat and dairy industry; technological institutes in Odessa, Leningrad and Kiev; institutes of the fish industry - in Kaliningrad, Astrakhan, Vladivostok, Murmansk.
There are faculties of the food industry at universities of general technical profiles (Krasnodar, Dzhambul, Voronezh, etc.). Training of food industry specialists is carried out in 24 universities. The number of students of higher education institutions studying on a specialty "technology of the foodstuffs", in 1965/66 made 57 thousand, and pupils of secondary special institutions on the same speciality -118,9 thousand.
- In total at the industrial enterprises of the food-processing industry works more than 176 thousand specialists with higher and secondary technical education.
- In the food-processing industry numerous personnel of technical intelligentsia, scientific forces of research and educational institutes have developed and grown; designers and inventors in the commonwealth with engineers and innovators on manufacture solve problems of technical progress and provide a continuous rise of a technical level of branches of the food-processing industry.
- The value of numerous branches of the food-processing industry in the system of public production is defined first of all by that their production is directly intended for reproduction of the main productive force of society - labor force.
The purpose of the food-processing industry consists of organizing mass production of foodstuff on the basis of the technical processing of vegetative and animal raw materials. Providing requirements of an organism in food for the restoration of the energy spent in the process of work, the food-processing industry is a factor of the increase in labor productivity.
- The important role of the food-processing industry consists and that factory manufacture of foodstuff provides economy for expenses of public work at the enterprises of public catering and you release housework of women, opening to the possibility to participate in public production.
At the same time, factory manufacture of foodstuff in the packed and packed kind saves expenses of labor of workers of trade and, hence, reduces expenses of commodity turnover at the simultaneous economy of expenses of time of consumers on the acquisition of products.
The important role belongs to the food-processing industry in the rapprochement of a standard of living of a city and village, in the liquidation of cultural and household distinctions between them as wide development of industrial manufacture of foodstuff will relieve and rural inhabitants from the necessity of their manufacturing in housekeeping.
The food industry has a deep influence on the development of agriculture, contributing to the increase of its marketability, the growth of incomes of the collective farm peasantry, the increase of fodder resources at the expense of production wastes.
Distribution of plants by territory.
The food industry plays an essential role in the territorial redistribution of food resources. Processing perishable raw materials into transportable products, the food-processing industry provides the possibility of interdistrict and international exchange. Thus, it allows overcoming the seasonality of perishable agricultural products consumption.
- The place occupied by the food industry in the system of the national economy of the USSR in the period of completion of the seven-year plan (1965), gives the following indicators.
The food-processing industry concern 25,7 % of the total number of industrial enterprises of the USSR. Being one of the young branches of the socialist industry, the food-processing industry which was characterized before by a huge number of the small, technically backward enterprises, is presented now by a considerable quantity of the large mechanized enterprises equipped with the first-class technics, and using progressive technological schemes of manufacture.
- In the total average number of industrial and production personnel, the number of food industry personnel accounts for 9.5%.
Industrial and industrial fixed assets of the food industry make up more than 9% of fixed assets of the whole USSR industry. A characteristic feature of the structure of fixed assets of the food industry is the significant share of transport vehicles in them: 22% vs. 5% in the whole USSR industry, while machinery and equipment account for 25% of fixed assets against 33% in the USSR industry. It is explained first of all by the fact that the whole available fishing fleet is included in vehicles by statistics. At the same time, the food-processing industry accepts more than one hundred million tons of agricultural raw materials and produces tens of millions of tons of finished products, transportation of which at all stages of technological processes requires a large number of mechanisms and vehicles. Hence the significant number of auxiliary workers, reaching 48% of the total number of industrial and production personnel of the food industry.
- Gross production of the food-processing industry (in wholesale prices of the enterprises as of July 1, 1955) takes the 3rd place among branches of industry of the USSR and its specific weight in gross production of all industry of the USSR makes over 20 %.
In commodity turnover of the state and cooperative trade, including public catering, the share of the foodstuff makes 58,24 '), and the production developed by the enterprises of the food-processing industry accounts for about 80 % from the total volume of consumption of the foodstuffs by the population. This characterizes a high share of industrial production of food products and the decisive role of the food industry in the supply of the population.
Only consecutive realization of the party line on the creation of the large food industry has allowed solving a problem of radical improvement of the food supply of workers, satisfaction of their requirements in a foodstuff.
At the same time, the industrial production of foodstuffs has played an essential role in the facilitation of the work of women in a household. This allowed the Soviet woman to take an equal place with men in the total number of workers and employees employed in the economy, where the share of women reached 49%.
The first place is occupied by the food industry in the accumulation of state budget savings through the turnover tax. The share of foodstuffs is a very significant part of the total amount of the turnover tax.