In the course of concentration steady increase in capacity and production on the average on one enterprise in all branches of the food-processing industry.
So, for years of a seven-year-old (1959-1965) daily productivity of one sugar factory has increased from 12,5 to 18,6 thousand cents of a beet a day. The total capacity of butter factories (milk processing) per one enterprise increased from 18.1 to 29.2 tons per shift. The productivity of cheese factories for the same period has increased from 450 to 630 kg of cheese per shift, and meat processing plants - from 21.8 to 27.4 tons of meat per shift.
- Average annual growth rates of gross output of food industry made: for 1951-1955 years. -9,9%, for 1956-1960 -8,1%, for 1961-1965 - 7,4%.
The decrease in rates for five years (1961-1965) was reflected by the consequences of mistakes made in the management of agriculture, which led to a slowdown of the growth of its marketable production. But already in 1965 as a result of the measures taken by the party and the government to ensure the growth of agricultural production, the growth of gross food industry output increased rapidly, and its total volume amounted to 113.2% by 1964.
- The volume of food industry production in 1965 was by 1958. 163.3%, i.e. within seven years, the food industry was developing at an average annual rate of 7.3%. In comparison with the pre-revolutionary level the gross production has increased 12,8 times, and with the level of 1940 - 3,3 times.
- Rates of growth of production of the food-processing industry of the USSR on the extent of the last three-five years exceed twice rates of food industry of the USA.
A new level of development.
Improving production technology, achieving better use of production facilities, better organization of production and labor and integrated use of raw materials, the food industry increased technical and production indicators and continuously increased food production.
The given data testify to how far behind the level of industrial production of foodstuffs of pre-revolutionary Russia is mastered and what high rates the food-processing industry developed in postwar years.
- Simultaneously with the growth of production volumes, there was a process of the continuous increase in the level of foodstuff production per capita.
- Industrial production of the most important foodstuffs per capita in the USSR in comparison with the level of per capita production in 1913.
- Now the food-processing industry completely satisfies the shown demand of the population on such foodstuffs, like sugar, vegetable and animal oil, bakery, confectionery and pasta, tea, salt, tobacco, perfume, and cosmetics.
Manufacture of the major foodstuffs per capita for; odes of a seven-year-old girl continued to come nearer to the level of the physiological norms of consumption recommended by the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. The greatest gap from norms remains on meat and dairy products.
Conceding to the most developed foreign countries in the level of production per capita of some products, the food industry of the USSR by the total volume of production of sugar and animal oil is in the first place in the world, and by production of meat - in the second place.
The food industry has significant achievements in expanding the range of products. For example, the meat and dairy industry produces hundreds of products. Such industries as confectionery, canning, perfume, and tobacco industries have an even wider range of produced varieties.
But the range of products does not meet the demand. It is not enough to produce the highest grades of bakery and pasta products, high-quality confectionery products, including chocolate. It does not cover the needs of the production of the most valuable varieties of canned fruits and vegetables and fish products. Cheese production is still at a low level. Demand for beer is not satisfied to the fullest extent, soft drinks are not produced enough.
The lag from the level of demand is also observed in the production of meat and whole-milk products. The main reason for this lies in the previously existing lagging behind the development of agriculture, in the unsatisfactory rates of yield, gross harvest, and stock of animal products. It was also influenced by two bad years of the harvest that happened for seven years. However, the root factors were the insufficient material interest of the village workers in the growth of production and in the fact that the strengthening of the material and technical base was not allocated enough funds.
- Growth rates of gross agricultural output in the years of seven years turned out to be slowed down, which created difficulties for increasing the production of meat and dairy products and caused difficulties in satisfying consumer demand for these products.
The Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in March (1965) criticized these drawbacks in principle and determined the number of important decisions to overcome the lag in the development of agriculture. Decisions made by the Plenum had a beneficial effect on the growth of agricultural production and had an impact on the elimination of acuteness with the satisfaction of the demand for food products in 1965.
The food industry of the USSR in the realization of technical progress at all stages of industrial processes leans on a wide network of the research, design, design organizations and large factory laboratories. The system of the food industry of the USSR includes 20 all-Union research institutes having a network of branches. In the structure of the food-processing industry more than 40 organizations on designing the enterprises of branches of industry. At a huge number of enterprises, there are laboratories where researches on the perfection of technological processes and methods of the chemical and physical and chemical control of manufacture are conducted.