Layout is used in architecture and design as a form of detailed design and preparation of exposition material. The working layout of the scale model of the structure makes it possible to more clearly assess the quality of the spatial solution, to outline ways to adjust it. It is executed in sketch form and allows the possibility of moving parts. The exposition layout in stylistic and realistic execution demonstrates the dignity of the presented project. For making working models using paper, Kraft cardboard, observing the accuracy of the pattern parts and the methods for their binding to the extent necessary to clarify the design idea and technology work on the exhibition layout. Working layout is considered one of the most effective design methods.
For the manufacture of paper and cardboard layouts (easy to use, the strength of which is sufficient for short-lived training projects), you need to prepare the material, tools and equipment. Paper and cardboard, white and tinted, are selected dense, sufficient thickness and flexibility, preferably with a textured surface. The accuracy of gluing forms of finishing layouts depends on the accuracy of the pattern, which should be carefully and accurately drawn on paper stretched on the stretcher so that it fits without gaps to the surface of the stretcher, because after drawing the pattern it will need to cut with a scalpel, or a special breadboard knife. In addition, the stretched paper is better colored (if necessary). Retractable cutters with breakable blades are recommended to check the quality of the blade clamp.
For cutting or notching circular lines, it is recommended to use a thick needle, the end of which is cut or sharpened to the form of a sharp screwdriver; the needle is inserted into the leg of the compass. Circular cutter can be made in a similar way from a nail thickness of 3 mm. safety razor Blade is used for "repair" works: cutting spots, edges. Scissors it is better to use all-metal, plastic rings of scissors at big loadings of cutting often break. In addition to the subframe, a separate "cutting Board" is required: a sheet of plywood or cardboard measuring approximately 40 x 40 cm (for working with small parts). As guides for cutting material recommended metal ruler length of 30-40 cm, preferably from a thick metal.
For tracing the patterns you will need the usual set of drawing tools: the drawing instruments, t-squares (preferably black), pencils, erasers. For bonding parts with small bonding surfaces (with prongs, edges) is used thick PVA glue, sticker wide thin colored papers or film without the adhesive layer is best performed with rubber-based adhesive, which paper does not warp. To fine details applied to the wall and glue the intricate details of the layout "back to back" without using the edge recommended glue made of dissolved in acetone celluloid, white or transparent, until the consistency of cream. The glue is applied along the seam of gluing with a metal spoke and dries quickly, providing reliable strength. Glue office silicate, "Moment", glue stick should be excluded from the work on the layout.
For temporary Prigogine and fixing glued parts are metal weights, tape, thin pins, tweezers.
When developing patterns, even the simplest spatial forms require precision, accuracy, foresight. Working on the pattern, you like to trace the sequence of its gluing. It should be borne in mind that the pattern in its preparation can be located upside down, which will help to maintain the purity of the front layer. To get a high-quality pattern layout of complex shapes, especially with a curved surface, you need to remember the exercises descriptive geometry coordinate transfer orthogonal projections, sweep surfaces of rotation.
As a rule, monochrome (white) models are developed at the initial stage of modeling training. They increase the level of responsibility and neatness in work, do not hide mistakes, do not distract attention to achieving side effects. Nevertheless, color can become an active means of increasing the expressiveness of the layout composition. Paint parts of the finished layout should not be. Tasks of color solved by installation of parts that are already cut from colored material, or appropriate bonding non-ferrous surfaces (remember — only rubber glue). The study of architectural composition aims at compositional training in the material associated with the objects of design and construction: buildings, monuments, squares, and included in the scope of the designer. By the nature of visual perception there are three types of architectural composition: frontal, three-dimensional, deep. Objects of the same space can appear before the observer, consistently changing the compositional status.