Сердечно-Сосудистая Система

Chest anatomy and stab A penetrating, laterally directed stab wound (possibly from a left-handed assaulter) that involves the fifth intercostal space (ICS) at the left anterior midclavicular line (MCL) would most likely injure the left lung. The lungs occupy most of the volume of the thoracic cavity. The apex of each lung extends into the neck (3-4 cm above the first rib). The lung bases are in direct contact with the diaphragm, which separates the right lung from the right lobe of the liver and the left lung from the stomach, spleen, and (occasionally) left lobe of the liver...

Reperfusion injury Ischemia is characterized by the reduction of blood flow, usually as a result of mechanical obstruction within the arterial system (eg, thrombus). If the flow of blood to the ischemic tissue is restored in a timely manner, those cells that were reversibly injured will typically recover. Sometimes, however, the cells within the damaged tissue will paradoxically die at an accelerated pace through apoptosis or necrosis after resumption of blood flow. This process is termed reperfusion...