Нефть и газ

Typical Production Tree. Обычная фонтанная арматура (крестовая) Production Tree Фонтанная арматура Valve gage контрольная задвижка Tree cap колпак фонтанной арматуры Swab valve проходная задвижка Wing valve выкидная задвижка Actuator valve регулируемый клапан Tee тройник Adjustable choke регулируемый штуцер Positive choke нерегулируемый штуцер Master valve главная (коренная) задвижка Lock-pin стопорный палец Tubing spool adapter планшайба (для подвески НКТ) tubing spool катушка подвески НКТ (катушка...

Once the contractor gets the rig to the site, the next step is for the drilling crew to put the rig together, or rig up. For land rigs, the crew first brings in the rig's substructure. Как только подрядчик получает буровую на точке заложения, следующим шагом для буровой бригады является собрать установку, или смонтировать. Для наземных буровых, бригада сначала собирает буровое основание. SUBSTRUCTURES. Основание (фундамент буровой) A substructure is a framework that rests right over the hole. The...

Продолжение. Части 1,2,3,4,5. The operator may make additional preparations before moving in the rig. The terrain, the well's depth, the un­derground pressures expected, and the operator's and contractor's preferences determine how they start the well. At land sites where the operator has or­dered a deep, high-pressure well, for example, a work crew may dig a rectan­gular pit, or cellar. Sizes van', but a typical cellar is about 10 feet (3 metres) on a side and perhaps 10 feet (3 metres) deep. The exact size and depth depend on the characteristics of the well and the rig's configuration...

Вниманию любопытных предлагается сборник новел "Все про нефть". Повествованием будут охвачены все процессы, связанные с разведкой, бурением, добычей и транспортировкой нефти и газа. Текст представляется на английском и русском языках, чтобы лучше понять специфические термины. С другой стороны, это удобный практический материал (учебник) и как для усвоения английского (русского) языков, так и многочисленных знаний о нефтяной отрасли. Start. Начало. It is January 10,1901. Anthony Lucas, an Austrian-born mining engi­neer, is supervising the drilling of an oilwell...

In the early days of oil exploration, wild-cotters (those who drill wildcat wells, which are wells drilled where no oil or gas is known to exist) often drilled in an area because of a hunch. They had no idea how oil and gas occurred and prob­ably didn't care. Anybody with enough money to back up a belief that oil lay under the ground at some spot or the other drilled a well. If they were lucky, they had a strike. If not, it was on to the next hunch. На ранней стадии разведки нефти, поисковики (дикие...

The Nature of Oil and Gas. Природа Нефти и Газа. Oil and gas are naturally occurring hydrocarbons. Two elements, hydro­gen and carbon, make up a hydrocar­bon. Hydrogen and carbon have a strong attraction for each other. As a result, they form many compounds. The oil industry processes and refines hydrocarbons such as natural gas, lique­fied petroleum gas (lpg), and gasoline from natural and crude hydrocarbons that occur in the earth. These hydrocar­bons occur in layers of rock that often lie thousands of feet below the ground...