Russian fur trappers built a fort on the California coast, and nobody in Washington seemed alarmed enough to stop them
By 1823 Russia's Fort Ross stood about eighty miles north of present-day San Francisco, the empire's southernmost outpost in North America. Settlers there hunted sea otters, farmed the land, and traded quietly while Spain and later Mexico watched with unease. That same year President James Monroe announced a policy that would carry his name for generations. The Monroe Doctrine warned European powers against creating new colonies anywhere in the Americas...