Next-Generation mRNA Platforms for HIV-1 Vaccinology: From Computational Structure-Based Design to B-Cell Lineage-Targeting Clinical Trials
Structural biology, computational design, and nucleoside-modified mRNA technology have converged to create a clear paradigm shift in the pursuit of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. For decades, conventional vaccine approaches failed due to the unprecedented genetic diversity of the virus, its rapid mutation rate, and the structural defenses of its envelope glycoprotein (Env). This comprehensive review examines the current state of mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccine development, focusing on the elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). We explore the atomic-level engineering of CD4-binding sites...

