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"Our subject matter is perhaps best characterized as the "subjective quality of experience." Perception, thought, and action involve a whole host of causal and informational processes, but they don't typically occur in the dark. There's also an intrinsic aspect to it; something that expresses what it's like to be a cognitive agent, that is, conscious. Conscious experience ranges from vivid visual sensations of colors to the sense of subtle, familiar aromas; from sharp pains to fleeting thoughts we're about to recall; from everyday sounds and smells to stunning music; from a banal itch to deep existential dread; from the specificity of the taste of a mint candy to the universality of the experience of the self. All of these things have distinctive experiential qualities. They all play a prominent role in inner mental life.
We can say that a being is conscious when there is something that expresses what it is like to be that being, to use a phrase made famous by Thomas Nagel. Similarly, we can talk about what it is like to be in such a mental state. That is, we can say that a mental state is conscious when it has a qualitative feeling associated with it, an associated experiential quality. These qualitative feelings are also known as phenomenal qualities, or, for short, qualia. The problem of explaining these phenomenal qualities is the problem of explaining consciousness. This is the truly difficult part of the mind-body problem".
David J. Chalmers - "The Conscious Mind". In Search of a Fundamental Theory.
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30 мая