KHARAA TABIKHA: THE LANGUAGE OF FUNCTIONAL TOPONYMY OF THE HUNS, MONGOLS, AND BURYATS
THE EURASIA CODE
Author: Sergey Bazarov
Contact: bazarovserd@gmail.com
Date: May 2026
Version 1.0 (English translation)
ABSTRACT
This work reconstructs the system of functional toponymy and grammar based on the language of the Huns, Mongols, and Buryats. It introduces the method “Kharaa Tabikha” – fixing what is seen on a map (birch bark), used by scouts to mark landmarks. It is shown that the Buryat language has preserved an archaic layer of vocabulary that allows decoding “dark” etymologies of toponyms, ethnonyms, surnames, and grammatical structures from Siberia to America. The work presents the anthropomorphic code of landscape, the functional suffixes -ga and -ri, the colour markers khara / sagaan, and phonetic laws such as /kh/ → /h/, /sh/ → /ch/, /h/ → /f/. It is argued that English grammar (articles, prepositions, modal verbs, tenses) derives from Buryat ritual formulas, and many European and American toponyms are abbreviations of Buryat descriptive phrases. This work is hypothetical and proposes an alternative paradigm for comparative historical linguistics.
Keywords: Huns, Buryat language, toponymy, etymology, grammar, anthropomorphic code, suffix -ga, suffix -ri, khara/sagaan, kharaa tabikha, phonetic laws.
INTRODUCTION
When we look at a map of Eurasia, we see mountains, rivers, cities. For the Huns, Mongols, and Buryats, a toponym was not just a label but an instruction for survival and nomadic life. Each name encoded practical properties of the object: where to find drinking water, which pass is dangerous, where the main camp is, where the border lies.
At the core of this system lay the method I call “Kharaa Tabikha” – “to place landmarks, to outline reference points”. Literally: kharaa – “that which has been seen, the thing looked at”; tabikha – “to sketch, to put, to make a draft”. Thus, “Kharaa Tabikha” means “to make a sketch of what has been seen” on birch bark, paper, or a map. This is a method of operational cartography used by scouts and envoys of the Huns and Mongols.
The Russian word “karta” (map) and its European equivalents derive precisely from this Buryat expression: Kharaa Tabikha → Khartabikha → karta (with loss of the syllable “bi” and the shift /kh/ → /k/). A map is not an abstract depiction; it is the result of an action: “a sketch based on what has been seen”.
This work reconstructs key elements of this system: anthropomorphic codes, functional suffixes, colour markers, and on that basis deciphers toponyms from Siberia to America, as well as explains the origin of English grammar and many “dark” etymologies.
CHAPTER 1. PRIMARY SOUND ROOTS (over 80)
Root Derivatives Hypothetical European reflexes
aa aaba (alphabet) alphabet (Russian “azbuka”)
uu uubai (infant), uu daida (wide) out
oo oog (cry) oh
ii iibii (mother) —
ee eebe-eebe (barely, scarcely) —
öö ööbei (cradle) —
üü üün (wart) —
yaa/yuu yaakha (what to do), yuu (what) why
maa maadai (little sheep), maanad (we) I (ay → I)
baa baabai (father) papa
be bebe (movement of one who bends) —
bü bü (not) not
ge gebel (if) if
gü gü (whether, perhaps) —
khon khongyoo (sonorous), khongirat —
tas tas shubuun (eagle-lamb-killer) —
tos toskhon (village) town
khiir khiirze (tarpaulin boots) screech
yor yorbogor (pointed) —
ye ye (joint, generation) —
za zaa (a little) —
kha khaa (where) where
khuu khuu (all, entirely) whole
khüü khüügen (child) human
shuu shuu (indeed, completely) sure
ha haa (if) if
hi hiiber (cooler) —
hüü hüüdykhe (to appear dimly) shadow
höö höög (bush), hööl (very) —
he heb-heb (light wind) —
hee heebeger (helpless) —
akh akha (elder brother) I am
ekh ekhin (beginning) —
ogl oglo (to knock out), oglyoobo (shafts) —
yah yahan (bone) —
yaba yabagan (on foot) —
shiig shiiga (strong) —
khürkhir khürkhirkhe (to roar) —
shor shorbogor (elongated) —
söö söög (ritual interjection) —
saa saaguur (farther away) —
süü süü (milk) —
khöö khöö (coal), khöörge (bellows) —
khab khab (nerpa, Baikal seal) —
hab hab-hab (light breeze) —
haab haab (would that, good if) —
ni niidkhe (threads) need
oto oto (through) through
ze ze (here, this) the
da da (yes, do) do
uta uta (long), utaa (smoke) out
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CHAPTER 2. ORIGIN OF ALPHABET LETTERS
Letter Image Buryat word
Sh wolf’s teeth shüden, shono
S drawn bowstring sekhe
O trap, enclosure oruulkha
L two sticks (passage) alakha, le oruulkha
A open mouth ama, akha
Һ fork of a river halaa
R hand gar-ruu gar
M wave, curve murui
W two steps alkh- (to step)
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CHAPTER 3. PHONETIC LAWS (MAIN)
Buryat sound Shift Example (Buryat) Reflex Target language
kh h khün human English
kh h khakhad half English
kh h khakhakha hack (cough) English
kh h khakhuuli hook English
kh h khakhuul hake (fish) English
sh ch shono chono Khalkha-Mong., Turkic
s ch sai chai (tea) Russian, Chinese
h f a hain Afin (Athena) Greek
h f hain fine English
b p boo barikha povar (cook) Russian (hyp.)
b p böö aba pop (priest) Russian (hyp.)
kh k Kharaa Tabikha karta (map) Russian
kh k, g kha ka (colloquial) Russian
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CHAPTER 4. ANTHROPOMORPHIC CODE OF LANDSCAPE
Body part Buryat code Geographical feature Examples
Head tolgoi peak, source Mt. Tolgoi
Face nyuur southern slope Nyuur-Gol
Eye nyüden spring, small lake, cell Nyüden-Nuur, “window”, “eye”
Back of neck, neck shele ridge, pass Shele-Khada, Russian “sheya” (neck), “peresheek” (isthmus)
Nose, cape khamar protruding ridge Khamar-Daban
Ear shekhe side valley Shekhe-Gol
Mouth, estuary aman mouth, passage Angara, Amur (ara müren)
Chest, bosom über southern slope, warm side Über-Berg (Nürnberg)
Back ar northern slope, rear side Ar-Gol, Arctic
Inner thigh ala intermountain valley, gap Altai, Alatau
Sole ula base, foothill Ulaan-Ude (red sole)
Lips ural parallel ridges Ural Mountains
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CHAPTER 5. FUNCTIONAL SUFFIXES
5.1. Suffix -ga (flowing river)
From the verb garakha (to go out, to flow). Marks flowing water.
River Etymology
Angara aman + garakha – “coming out of the mouth of Lake Baikal”
Selenga seel + eryekhe + nükhen + garakha – “river emerging from a deep pool through a winding passage”
Volga bulag + garakha – “emerging spring” (bulag also means “abscess”)
Neva nege baina – “one exists” (the only river flowing out of Lake Ladoga)
Oka okhin + garakha – “hot emerging” (turbulent)
5.2. Suffix -ri (place of action)
Verb Meaning Noun with -ri Function
buukha to descend buuri camping site, station (yam)
dabakha to cross a pass dabari pass
abakha to take abari guard (Avars)
tatakha to pull, to gather tatari collection (Tatars)
khasakha to cut off khasari border (Khazars)
nogorkho to become green nogori meadow, pasture
5.3. Suffix -gsha (agent)
· khalkhagsha – defender (shield-bearer)
· kharagsha – observer
· dailagsha – warrior
· zarligsha – commander
· güigshe – messenger
5.4. Suffix -lga (action nominalization, place)
· khalkhalga – defence
· tuulalga – ford
· khemjhelge – inspection, customs
5.5. Suffix -mzhi (abstract quality)
· kharamzha – conscience
· khüdelmzhe – labour
· edelmzhe – property
· barimzha – orientation
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CHAPTER 6. FUNCTIONAL COLOUR CODES: KHARA AND SAGAAAN
Object type khara (black) sagaan (white)
Water fresh, drinking mineral, calcareous
Spring abundant, clean healing, with white deposit
Lake fresh salty
Pass difficult, main safe, easy
Mountain main, dominant secondary
Sands solid, waterless with wells, light-coloured
Land one’s own, native foreign but favourable
Examples: Kara-Usun – drinking water; Sagan-Usun – mineral water; Kara-Daban – difficult pass; Karakumy – solid sands; Sayan (from sagaan yahan – white rocks).
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CHAPTER 7. ENGRAVING TECHNOLOGY AND DIPLOMACY
· hiilekhe – to carve, to engrave
· beshekhe – to write with ink (drafts)
· sogdo – chisel, graver → Sogdians (masters of writing)
Letter of Arghun Khan (1289):
Term Buryat basis Meaning
Arghun arga + n skilful, able to find a way out
Khondlön khondogo + hen preliminary, unstable (draft)
Jerusalem yoho yerekhe khalim/shalim traditional coming over the edge (pilgrimage city)
Philip hiilekhe + eb barikha to carve + to keep peace (one who seals treaties with engraving)
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CHAPTER 8. MILITARY TERMINOLOGY AND SURNAMES
Surname / term Buryat basis Meaning
Bazarovs baa zaakha to force-indicate, to command
Budayevs buudakha to shoot
Buryats buu + uryaad shooters with control system (artillery)
Badmayevs bad + manaa smoke screen, camouflage
Khudayevs khalkhabsha utaa dainai smoke shield
Tsedenovs sedkhekhe to think, to devise (strategists)
Tsyrenovs sereg army (cadre army)
Dansaranovs dansa register, bookkeeping
Gomboyevs gom + böö complaint + shaman (arbiter)
Dashiyevs dashaa + daakha vow + to take upon oneself (ministers)
Chakhars shaakha to thrust, to break through (shock wedge)
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CHAPTER 9. ENGLISH GRAMMAR FROM BURYAT RITUAL FORMULAS
9.1. Articles
English Buryat formula Meaning
a / an ama eater, participant in a feast at the oboo
the ze demonstrative “this one!”
the (var.) le exactly, that very
9.2. Prepositions
English Buryat basis
of aba (to take)
in ene (inside)
on deere (on)
at aad (at)
for tula (for)
with uyakha (to bind)
by bai (to be near)
from gaaraa (out of)
through oto (through)
to tusha (help, purpose) + tü
up dee (up)
down dor (down)
between khoorondo (between)
among dunda (among)
about toiruu (around)
9.3. Modal verbs
English Buryat formula
can Ai shadakha bii neere
may Ai maa bii neere
must Ai kheregtei bii neere
should Ai shuu bolzoshil bii neere
9.4. Tenses (active)
Tense English Buryat formula
Present Simple I do Ai dü bii neere
Past Simple I did Ai dü baikhan bii neere
Present Continuous I am doing Ai ama duugarkha bii neere
Present Perfect I have been Ai habikha bii neere
Future Simple I will be Ai habikha bolokho bii neere
9.5. Word order (SVO)
Derived from the ethical formula “Ai + verb + bii neere”.
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CHAPTER 10. GLOBAL CORPORATION: THE HUNNIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE
Level Function Executors
Supreme leadership Khans with functional names Möngke, Khubilai, Arghun, Güyük, Batu, Tolui
Sacral oversight Enthronement by 9th-degree shamans Zaarin-boo
Administrative apparatus Writing, record-keeping, diplomacy Sogdians
Border service Protection of borders Khazars (khasari)
Military allies Shock force Chakhars, Kereits, Naimans
Logistics and supply Provisioning, cooking Polovtsians (cooking at the oboo)
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APPENDIX 1. TOPONYMS OF EURASIA AND AMERICA
Europe and Asia
Toponym Buryat formula Meaning
Moscow müren oryookho haba river with a winding channel
Orkhon orolgo + khüüyur + onigor tributary with a narrow waterfall
Germany kheere manakha steppe guardian
Albania alban gap, service (country in the gap)
Khazaria khasar side empire
Dzungaria züüngar left wing
Siberia sheber thick taiga, wilderness
Tibet tüb eber dabaan central side pass
Lhasa le khasar extreme side
America (hypothetical reconstruction)
Toponym Buryat formula Meaning
America ama eri khos double passage with sharp edges
Dakota tala steppe
Minnesota nabtar tala lowland steppe
Montana mün tala true steppe
Browning baruunai nabtar western plain
Palas (mountain) bala asa reinforced fork, triple divide
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APPENDIX 2. BURYAT SURNAMES AS MILITARY CODES
(Summary from Chapter 8)
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APPENDIX 3. BAIKAL AND KHUVSGUL – THE HEART AND VENTRICLES OF EURASIA
· Baikal – heart. Etymology: baikha (to stand) + ala (croth, gap) → standing water in a rift graben.
· Angara – aorta (aman garakha – exit from the mouth).
· Selenga – feeding artery.
· Khuvsgul (Kosogol) – left ventricle (khos gol – paired river-lake).
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APPENDIX 4. KOREA IN THE EURASIA CODE
· Solongos ← holongo (rainbow) – bridge between Heaven and Earth.
· Masan ← masakha (to crowd together) – fleet assembly point.
· Pusan ← buusa (camp) – port.
· Ships ← khöörge (bellows) → khoor abadal.
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APPENDIX 5. BARGAZHAN – THE SMALL ORIGINAL HOMELAND
Barga zhaa nutag (“my original small historical homeland”) → Bargazhan. The original land of the Huns, Buryats, Mongols, from which Chinggis Khan and Tolui came. The Barguzin valley, Baikal, Khuvsgul are its geographical embodiments. Chinggis Khan bequeathed this land to Tolui as his “father’s ulus”. The word barga means “original, primeval, uncorrupted”, zhaa – “small”, nutag – “homeland”. Thus, Bargazhan is the “small homeland of the ancestors”, the cradle of Eurasian civilisation.
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CONCLUSION: THE MANIFESTO OF “THE EURASIA CODE”
1. A single functional language of the Huns, Mongols, and Buryats underlies the toponymy, ethnonymy, social stratification, and grammar of most peoples of Eurasia and America.
2. The anthropomorphic code allowed nomads to read the map as an anatomical atlas.
3. Functional suffixes (-ri, -ga, -sha/-ch, -nik, -tel, -ar, -ist, -tion) derive from Buryat action verbs.
4. Colours as codes (khara, sagaan) describe the qualities of water, passes, sands.
5. Abbreviation – the compression of descriptive phrases – explains the origin of names (America, map, ship, shchi, Jerusalem).
6. Engraving on wood ensured the legal and sacral immutability of the text.
7. The Ukhaan system describes the universal path of cognition: meditation (feeling) → realisation → analysis → systematisation → science.
8. Archaeological finds confirm the existence of a marking system with the letter “Һ”.
9. The linguogeographic map shows the spread of Buryat roots from Siberia to America.
10. Bargazhan – “the small original homeland” – is the spiritual centre of Eurasian civilisation, the cradle of the Huns, Buryats, Mongols, the place where “The Eurasia Code” began.
The Buryat language is the key to deciphering the pan-Eurasian functional toponymy and grammar, and the method “Kharaa Tabikha” is the tool that allows one to read the map as an anatomical atlas of the living Earth.
Author: Sergey Bazarov
Contact: bazarovserd@gmail.com
Date: May 2026