📚 Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

🎯 Цели

1. Научиться различать случаи употребления Past Simple и Present Perfect.
2. Запомнить маркеры времени для каждого времени.
3. Научиться правильно строить утверждения, вопросы и отрицания.
4. Отработать навыки на практике (упражнения + мини-тест).

🔹 1. Теория

A) Past Simple (V2 / Ved)

Когда используем:

• действие произошло в прошлом;
• время указано или понятно;
• событие завершено.

📌 Маркеры: yesterday, last week, in 2010, ago, when I was….

Формулы:

• Утверд.: I worked yesterday.
• Отриц.: I didn’t work yesterday.
• Вопрос: Did you work yesterday?

Примеры:

• She watched a film last night.
• They visited Paris in 2019.

B) Present Perfect (have/has + V3)

Когда используем:

• результат важен в настоящем;
• опыт «в жизни» (без указания точного времени);
• действие началось в прошлом и длится до сих пор.

📌 Маркеры: already, just, yet, ever, never, recently, today, this week, for, since.

Формулы:

• Утверд.: I have finished my work.
• Отриц.: I haven’t finished my work yet.
• Вопрос: Have you finished your work?

Примеры:

• I have just eaten lunch.
• She has lived in Moscow since 2010.
• Have you ever been to London?

C) Главное отличие

• Past Simple → событие = «Где/Когда произошло?»
• Present Perfect → событие = «Что это значит сейчас? - Результат»

🔹 3. Практика

Упражнение 1. Выбери правильный вариант

1. I ___ (saw / have seen) this movie yesterday.
2. She ___ (has already finished / finished) her project.
3. They ___ (lived / have lived) in London in 2010.
4. I ___ (have never tried / never tried) sushi.
5. He ___ (lost / has lost) his wallet. He can’t find it now.

Упражнение 2. Вставь маркер времени

(ago, just, already, yet, since, for)

1. She has ___ called you.
2. We moved to Moscow three years ___.
3. Have you finished your homework ___?
4. He has lived here ___ 2012.
5. I have ___ visited this museum twice.
6. They have lived here ___ ten years.

Упражнение 3. Исправь ошибки

1. I have seen him yesterday.
2. She didn’t never try sushi.
3. Have you ever was to London?
4. He has lost his wallet two days ago.
5. They have lived in Paris last year.

🔹 4. Ответы и объяснения

Упр. 1

1. saw (есть «yesterday» → Past Simple).
2. has already finished (результат, маркер already).
3. lived (2010 — конкретное время).
4. have never tried (опыт «в жизни»).
5. has lost (важен результат — кошелька нет).

Упр. 2

1. just
2. ago
3. yet
4. since
5. already
6. for

Упр. 3

1. ❌ I have seen him yesterday. → ✅ I saw him yesterday.
2. ❌ She didn’t never try sushi. → ✅ She has never tried sushi.
3. ❌ Have you ever was to London? → ✅ Have you ever been to London?
4. ❌ He has lost his wallet two days ago. → ✅ He lost his wallet two days ago.
5. ❌ They have lived in Paris last year. → ✅ They lived in Paris last year.

🔹 5. Итоговый мини-тест

Выбери верный вариант.

1. I ___ (have met / met) him at a party last week.
2. She ___ (has just arrived / arrived just) home.
3. They ___ (have been / were) to France three times.
4. He ___ (didn’t finish / hasn’t finished) his report yet.
5. We ___ (have lived / lived) here since 2018.

🔹 Ключи к тесту

1. met — есть «last week» → Past Simple.
2. has just arrived — just → Present Perfect.
3. have been — опыт → Present Perfect.
4. hasn’t finished — yet → Present Perfect.
5. have lived — действие продолжается с прошлого времени → Present Perfect.