{"draftJsState":{"blocks":[{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":31,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"5.1 Установка и настройка SAMBA","type":"header-two","key":"drjo4"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"b7bhc"},{"data":{"image":{"id":"661b0277879c62541a349a01"}},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"atomic:image","key":"69d3v"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[{"key":0,"length":32,"offset":0},{"key":1,"length":73,"offset":33},{"key":2,"length":64,"offset":107},{"key":3,"length":58,"offset":172},{"key":4,"length":23,"offset":231},{"key":5,"length":34,"offset":255},{"key":6,"length":41,"offset":290},{"key":7,"length":36,"offset":332},{"key":8,"length":44,"offset":369},{"key":9,"length":21,"offset":414},{"key":10,"length":34,"offset":436}],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Часть 1: Предыстоия и настоящее.\nЧасть 2: Подготовка среды. Установка и первоначальная настройка Debian 12\nЧасть 3: Носители информации. RAID. Создание файловой структуры.\nЧасть 4: Установка компонентов WEB-сервера. Let’s Encrypt.\nЧасть 5: Samba и Webdav\nЧасть 6: Home Assistant Supervised\nЧасть 7: NEXTCLOUD - персональное облако.\nЧасть 8: Медиа-сервер. MiniDLNA/PLEX\nЧасть 9: Torrent-клиент. Transmission/Deluge\nЧасть 10: Яндекс-Диск\nЧасть 11: Переезд на новое железо.","type":"unstyled","key":"1oflh"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Служба Samba предназначена для предоставления доступа к файлам в пределах локальной сети, т.е. все компьютеры подключенные к вашему роутеру смогут получить доступ к указанной папке.","type":"unstyled","key":"72psm"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Устанавливаем Samba:","type":"unstyled","key":"2mef2"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo apt install samba -y","type":"blockquote","key":"a3fjh"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Добавляем права себе и root:","type":"unstyled","key":"a71bs"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo adduser andrey sambashare\nsudo adduser root sambashare","type":"blockquote","key":"c0gg5"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":8,"offset":39,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"Предоставим общий доступ к нашему /mnt/raid_md0 целиком.","type":"unstyled","key":"776al"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Открываем конфигурационный файл:","type":"unstyled","key":"2kk72"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"nano /etc/samba/smb.conf","type":"blockquote","key":"4ll40"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"В открывшемся конфигурационном файле в секции [global] добавляем:","type":"unstyled","key":"fgo0h"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"map to guest = Bad Password","type":"blockquote","key":"c0nie"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Это позволит воспринимать неавторизованных пользователей, как гостей.","type":"unstyled","key":"9ti5p"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Теперь в самом низу и добавляем следующее:","type":"unstyled","key":"1g202"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":8,"offset":1,"style":"ITALIC"},{"length":9,"offset":55,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"[raid_md0]\n comment = Public Folder\n path = /mnt/raid_md0\n public = yes\n writable = yes\n read only = no\n guest ok = yes\n create mask = 0777\n directory mask = 0777\n force create mode = 0777\n force directory mode = 0777","type":"blockquote","key":"6n8vh"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"f07c2"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"[shared] — имя общей папки, которое увидят пользователи, подключившись к серверу.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"45n05"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"comment — комментарий для удобства.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"o008"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"path — путь на сервере, где будут храниться данные.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"1ipiu"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"public — для общего доступа. Установите в yes, если хотите, чтобы все могли работать с ресурсом.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"9kgj7"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"writable — разрешает запись на сетевой ресурс.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"896qf"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"read only — только для чтения. Установите no, если у пользователей должна быть возможность создавать папки и файлы.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"2upum"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"guest ok — разрешает доступ к папке гостевой учетной записи.","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"3mebf"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"create mask, directory mask, force create mode, force directory mode — при создании новой папки или файла назначаются полные права.\n","type":"unordered-list-item","key":"esv7p"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Даем полные права:","type":"unstyled","key":"cbdse"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"chmod -R 777 /mnt/raid_md0","type":"blockquote","key":"9a11"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Добавляем в исключения UFW порт 445/tcp необходимый для работы Samba:","type":"unstyled","key":"82a42"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo ufw allow 445/tcp","type":"blockquote","key":"1ohdi"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Запускаем службу:","type":"unstyled","key":"5n4t0"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo systemctl restart samba","type":"blockquote","key":"cmi6j"},{"data":{"image":{"id":"661fa362cbb15a57028ebbbe"}},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"atomic:image","key":"73q7q"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"btuta"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":8,"offset":134,"style":"ITALIC"},{"length":23,"offset":240,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"Теперь на любом компьютере, подключённом к вашему роутеру в адресной строке проводника, можно набрать \\\\192.168.2.11 и увидеть папку «raid_md0 с содержащимися в ней файлами или подключить ее на постоянной основе как сетевой диск с адресом \\\\192.168.2.11\\raid_md0","type":"unstyled","key":"co7vo"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"97sh2"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":22,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"5.2. Настройка WebDav\n","type":"header-three","key":"4ealf"},{"data":{"image":{"id":"661b03b2129878485eb65a12"}},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"atomic:image","key":"an24s"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"bnne"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":36,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"11.1. Подготовка среды для установки","type":"unstyled","key":"807ko"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Включаем модули Apache2:","type":"unstyled","key":"anau4"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo a2enmod dav\nsudo a2enmod dav_fs\nsudo a2enmod auth_digest","type":"blockquote","key":"bfcvj"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\nПерезапускаем Apache:","type":"unstyled","key":"eisqd"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo systemctl restart apache2","type":"blockquote","key":"9cj3i"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\n Создаем каталог, в котором будут храниться файлы расшариваемые по WebDav и делаем его владельцем web-сервер:","type":"unstyled","key":"86jrh"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo mkdir /var/www/webdav\nsudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/webdav","type":"blockquote","key":"frpoj"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"9pbmg"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Создаем новый каталог для хранения файла базы данных и делаем его владельцем web-сервер:","type":"unstyled","key":"de6jt"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":50,"offset":37,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/apache/var/\nsudo chown www-data:www-data /usr/local/apache/var","type":"blockquote","key":"dndei"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Параметр -p позволяет утилите mkdir создать все родительские каталоги в указанном вами пути (если какого-то из них не существует).","type":"unstyled","key":"clnur"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":31,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"11.2. Настройка аутентификации.","type":"unstyled","key":"2acb"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[{"key":11,"length":24,"offset":29}],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Используем метод, называется дайджест-аутентификацией. Это более безопасный метод аутентификации для WebDAV, особенно в сочетании с HTTPS.","type":"unstyled","key":"1d1t5"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Дайджест-аутентификация работает с файлом, в котором хранятся имена и пароли доверенных пользователей – только они могут получить доступ к серверу WebDAV. Как и файл базы данных, такой файл должен храниться в месте, которое доступно веб-серверу Apache и которое не отображается на вашем сайте.","type":"unstyled","key":"6tk61"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":15,"offset":56,"style":"BOLD"},{"length":17,"offset":56,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"Создаем в папке /usr/local/apache/var/users пустой файл users.password и делаем его владельцем web-сервер:","type":"unstyled","key":"d11lj"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo touch /usr/local/apache/var/users.password\nsudo chown www-data:www-data /usr/local/apache/var/users.password","type":"blockquote","key":"e7fhs"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Следующая команда добавит в файл доверенного пользователя “аndrey”:","type":"unstyled","key":"89l3j"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo htdigest -c /usr/local/apache/var/users.password webdav andrey","type":"blockquote","key":"3g4vl"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"будет предложено ввести пароль и подтвердить его.","type":"unstyled","key":"8guve"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Преследующих пользователей можно добавлять той же командой без ключа «-с»:","type":"unstyled","key":"8bk4i"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo htdigest /usr/local/apache/var/users.password webdav masha","type":"blockquote","key":"3f3ji"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\nбудет предложено ввести пароль и подтвердить его.","type":"unstyled","key":"351p1"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"ldgq"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":51,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"11.3.Создание файла конфигурации виртуального хоста","type":"unstyled","key":"7bep5"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Создаем файл конфигурации:","type":"unstyled","key":"6l5vm"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/wd.475cloud.conf","type":"blockquote","key":"7pgok"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Добавляем в него:","type":"unstyled","key":"2paro"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"DavLockDB /usr/local/apache/var/DavLock\n\n ServerName wd.475cloud.ru\n ServerAlias www.wd.475cloud.ru\n DocumentRoot /var/www/webdav\n ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log\n CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined","type":"blockquote","key":"248pe"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\n \n DAV On\n AuthType Digest\n AuthName \"webdav\"\n AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/var/users.password\n Require valid-user\n \n","type":"blockquote","key":"bm1u6"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\n ServerName wd.475cloud.ru\n ServerAlias www.wd.475cloud.ru\n DocumentRoot /var/www/webdav\n \n Header always set Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains>\n ","type":"blockquote","key":"2igei"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"\n \n DAV On\n AuthType Digest\n AuthName \"webdav\"\n AuthUserFile /usr/local/apache/var/users.password\n Require valid-user\n \n","type":"blockquote","key":"6puk3"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"И сохраняем (Ctrl +O).","type":"unstyled","key":"679a"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Включаем сайт (в /etc/apache2/sites-enabled создается ссылка на файл конфигурации виртуального хоста):","type":"unstyled","key":"7k70"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo a2ensite wd.475cloud.conf","type":"blockquote","key":"6ge9q"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Проверяем синтаксис конфигурации:","type":"unstyled","key":"5q8ni"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo apachectl configtest","type":"blockquote","key":"66or8"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Утилита apachectl выведет Syntax OK, если ошибок в файле нет.","type":"unstyled","key":"ccs7h"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Перезапускаем Apache:","type":"unstyled","key":"99cn2"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo systemctl restart apache2","type":"blockquote","key":"3k22e"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"5d2mn"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":40,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"11.4.Установка сертификата Let’s Encrypt","type":"unstyled","key":"1i4bv"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Устанавливаем SSL-сертификат:","type":"unstyled","key":"5lfg"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo certbot --apache -d wd.475cloud.ru -d www.wd.475cloud.ru","type":"blockquote","key":"7neo0"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Перезапускаем Apache:","type":"unstyled","key":"4tpjk"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo systemctl restart apache2","type":"blockquote","key":"6l5m"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"После перезапуска Apache можно получить доступ к torrent-клиенту, используя web-адрес:","type":"unstyled","key":"9qo0t"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[{"key":12,"length":22,"offset":0}],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"https://wd.475cloud.ru","type":"unstyled","key":"2dh7"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Должно быть что-то вроде этого:","type":"unstyled","key":"7k1v5"},{"data":{"image":{"id":"661efab1644cdb36afeea201"}},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"atomic:image","key":"50rci"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"74o0q"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":8,"offset":89,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"Для того, чтобы наша библиотека стала доступна по протоколу webdav смонтируем папку /mnt/raid_md0/ в каталог /var/www/webdav.","type":"unstyled","key":"8ag04"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Есть один нюанс с которым я столкнулся при использовании файловых менеджеров на android - если смонтировать папку непосредственно в /var/www/webdav - они почему-то не видят ее содержимого, а если скопировать во вложенную папку и прописать ее в адресе сервера - все отлично работает.","type":"unstyled","key":"4ffkq"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Поэтому создадим в каталоге var/www/webdav папку raid_md0:","type":"unstyled","key":"a9cfo"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"sudo mkdir /var/www/webdav/raid_md0","type":"blockquote","key":"fjrvb"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"и уже в нее смонтируем папку /mnt/raid_md0","type":"unstyled","key":"ie62"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Вносим запись в файл /etc/fstab ","type":"unstyled","key":"48tai"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"nano /etc/fstab","type":"blockquote","key":"an8oj"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"Добавляем в конец:","type":"unstyled","key":"bp6gu"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":9,"offset":5,"style":"ITALIC"},{"length":10,"offset":29,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"/mnt/raid_md0 /var/www/webdav/raid_md0 none bind,auto,nofail 0 0","type":"blockquote","key":"36gj6"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"","type":"unstyled","key":"bcqbo"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":40,"offset":0,"style":"BOLD"}],"text":"После внесения правок в fstab выполнить:","type":"unstyled","key":"bkt9k"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[],"text":"systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart local-fs.target","type":"blockquote","key":"33qu8"},{"data":{},"depth":0,"entityRanges":[],"inlineStyleRanges":[{"length":9,"offset":68,"style":"ITALIC"}],"text":"В результате в каталоге /var/www/webdav появилось содержимое нашего raid_md0 хотя на самом деле его там нет. Похоже на Shortcut в Windows, но не совсем. 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