9 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF PROPAGANDA BY P.J.GOEBBELS
Propaganda is the backdoor hack into your mind
1. BIG LIE-Always choose the big lie over the small; the masses will believe it more readily.
2. FOCUS-Use only one or at most two selling points.
3. REPEAT-Use them over and over until even your enemies know them by heart.
4. BLAME - Never waver, acknowledge no doubt; always blame, never credit the other side. Debase, defame, dehumanize.
5. PROVOKE-First attract attention, then appeal to emotions.
6. CRISIS-Shades of gray don't work: Issues must be life/death, good/evil, freedom/slavery, love/hate.
7. EMOTIONAL SYMBOLS - Good slogans have no literal meaning, only a strong emotional appeal.
8. PANDER-Ignore intellectuals and reasonable arguments; target the unthinking masses with powerful emotional pitches.
9. NO LIMITS-Ignore all moral limits whenever you deem it useful.
GOEBBELS ON THE "BIG LIE":
“If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it. The lie can be maintained only for such time as the State can shield the people from the political, economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus becomes vitally important for the State to use all of its powers to repress dissent, for the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and thus by extension, the truth is the greatest enemy of the State.”
This is an excellent definition of the “Big lie,” however, there seems to be no evidence that it was used by Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels, though it is often attributed to him. The original description of the big lie appeared in Mein Kampf. Adolf Hitler applied it to the behavior of Jews rather than as a tactic he advocated. Specifically, he accused Viennese Jews of trying to discredit the Germans’ activities during World War I. Hitler wrote of the Jews’:
“unqualified capacity for falsehood” and “that in the big lie there is always a certain force of credibility; because the broad masses of a nation are always more easily corrupted in the deeper strata of their emotional nature than consciously or voluntarily; and thus in the primitive simplicity of their minds they more readily fall victims to the big lie than the small lie, since they themselves often tell small lies in little matters but would be ashamed to resort to large-scale falsehoods. It would never come into their heads to fabricate colossal untruths, and they would not believe that others could have the impudence to distort the truth so infamously. Even though the facts which prove this to be so may be brought clearly to their minds, they will still doubt and waver and will continue to think that there may be some other explanation…. From time immemorial, however, the Jews have known better than any others how falsehood and calumny can be exploited.”
The OSS psychological profile of Hitler described his use of the big lie: His primary rules were:
- never allow the public to cool off;
- never admit a fault or wrong;
- never concede that there may be some good in your enemy;
- never leave room for alternatives; never accept blame;
- concentrate on one enemy at a time and blame him for everything that goes wrong;
- people will believe a big lie sooner than a little one;
- and if you repeat it frequently enough people will sooner or later believe it.
Goebbels did describe the big lie in different language in an article he wrote in 1941, “Churchill’s Lie Factory,” but he was accusing the British of the ploy: The English follow the principle that when one lies, one should lie big, and stick to it. They keep up their lies, even at the risk of looking ridiculous. Randall Bytwerk argues that neither Hitler nor Goebbels would admit to lying. Goebbels, “always maintained that propaganda had to be truthful. That doesn’t mean he didn’t lie, but it would be a pretty poor propagandist who publicly proclaimed that he was going to lie.”
|Sources: Mein Kampf, vol. I, ch. X.
“Big lie,” Wikipedia.
Stack Exchange.
Joseph Goebbels, “Churchill’s Lie Factory,” (January 12, 1941). Original: “Aus Churchills Lügenfabrik,” Die Zeit ohne Beispiel (Munich: Zentralverlag der NSDAP., 1941), pp. 364-369.
Randall Bytwerk, “False Nazi Quotations,” German Propaganda Archive.