The impact of anemia on maternal and child health

11 февраля 202511 фев 2025

53 мин

ABSTRACT Anemia is a common health problem that affects many people, especially pregnant women and children. It happens when the body does not have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to tiredness, weakness, and dizziness. In pregnant women, anemia increases the risk of complications such as premature birth and low birth weight. In children, it can slow growth, weaken the immune system, and affect learning. The main cause of anemia is iron deficiency, but other factors like vitamin deficiencies, blood loss, infections, and genetic disorders can also contribute. Fortunately, anemia is preventable and treatable. Eating iron-rich foods, taking supplements, and having regular check ups can help. This article discusses the causes, effects, prevention, and treatment of anemia, highlighting its impact on mothers and children. Understanding anemia and taking simple steps can improve health and well-being. Introduction Anemia is a serious health condition that affects millions of peop

ABSTRACT

Anemia is a common health problem that affects many people, especially pregnant women and children. It happens when the body does not have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to tiredness, weakness, and dizziness. In pregnant women, anemia increases the risk of complications such as premature birth and low birth weight. In children, it can slow growth, weaken the immune system, and affect learning. The main cause of anemia is iron deficiency, but other factors like vitamin deficiencies, blood loss, infections, and genetic disorders can also contribute. Fortunately, anemia is preventable and treatable. Eating iron-rich foods, taking supplements, and having regular check ups can help. This article discusses the causes, effects, prevention, and treatment of anemia, highlighting its impact on mothers and children. Understanding anemia and taking simple steps can improve health and well-being.

Introduction

Anemia is a serious health condition that affects millions of people worldwide, especially women and children. It happens when the body does not have enough red blood cells or when there is not enough hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is a special protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to all parts of the body. Without enough oxygen, the body cannot function properly, leading to weakness, tiredness, dizziness, pale skin, and difficulty concentrating. In severe cases, anemia can cause serious health problems and even be life- threatening. Anemia is a major concern for pregnant women because their bodies need extra blood to support the baby’s growth. If a pregnant woman does not have enough iron or other essential nutrients, she may feel extremely weak and exhausted. More importantly, anemia during pregnancy increases the risk of complications such as premature birth (having a baby too early), low birth weight (a baby born too small), and excessive bleeding during delivery. Babies born to mothers with anemia may also have a weak immune system, making them more likely to get sick. For children, anemia is especially dangerous because their bodies and brains are still developing. Children with anemia may be smaller than other kids their age, feel tired all the time, and have difficulty paying attention in school. Since the brain needs oxygen to develop properly, anemia can slow down a childs learning and memory, affecting their education and future success.

There are many causes of anemia, but the most common one is iron deficiency. The body needs iron to produce hemoglobin, and without enough iron, red blood cells cannot carry enough oxygen. Other causes of anemia include a lack of vitamin B12 or folic acid, losing too much blood due to heavy periods or injuries, certain diseases that destroy red blood cells, and inherited

conditions like sickle cell anemia. In some cases, infections like malaria or intestinal parasites can also lead to anemia.

Even though anemia is a common problem, it is preventable and treatable. The best way to prevent anemia is to eat a healthy diet rich in iron (found in meat, fish, eggs, and green leafy vegetables), vitamin C (found in oranges, tomatoes, and strawberries), and folic acid (found in beans, lentils, and fortified grains). Taking iron supplements during pregnancy can also help prevent anemia in mothers and babies. Regular health check-ups are important to detect anemia early, so it can be treated before it becomes severe. This article will explain the causes of anemia, how it affects mothers and children, and the best ways to prevent and treat it. Understanding anemia and taking the right steps can help save lives and improve the health of many people, ensuring that mothers stay strong and that children grow up healthy and active.

What causes anemia?

Anemia can happen for many reasons, but the most common cause is iron deficiency. Iron is an important mineral that the body needs to make hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. When

there is not enough iron, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia. However, anemia can also be caused by other factors. Below are the main causes of anemia explained in detail:

1. Lack of Important Vitamins

The body needs certain vitamins to make red blood cells. Two very important ones are vitamin B12 and folic acid (also called vitamin B9). If a person does not get enough of these vitamins, their body may not be able to produce enough red blood cells, leading to anemia.

• Vitamin B12 deficiency can happen when people do not eat enough foods that contain it, such as meat, eggs, and dairy products. It can also happen if the

body cannot absorb vitamin B12 properly, which can be due to a condition called pernicious anemia.

• Folic acid deficiency is common in people who do not eat enough leafy green vegetables, beans, or citrus fruits. Pregnant women especially need more folic acid to support the baby’s growth, and a lack of it can cause anemia.

2. Blood Loss

Losing too much blood can cause anemia because the body loses red blood cells faster than it can replace them. This can happen for different reasons:

• Heavy Menstrual Bleeding – Women who have very heavy periods may lose a lot of blood every month, which can cause anemia over time.

• Surgery or Injury – If a person has surgery or an accident that causes a lot of bleeding, they can develop anemia.

• Internal Bleeding – Sometimes, bleeding happens inside the body, which can be dangerous. This can be caused by stomach ulcers, colon cancer, or other digestive problems. Because the bleeding is slow and not always visible, people may not realize they have anemia until they start feeling very weak.

3. Poor Diet

What we eat affects our blood health. If a person does not eat enough iron-rich foods, their body will not have the materials it needs to make red blood cells. Some of the best sources of iron include:

Red meat (beef, lamb, liver)
Chicken and fish
Eggs
Leafy green vegetables (spinach, kale, broccoli)
Legumes (lentils, beans, chickpeas)
Nuts and seeds
Iron-fortified cereals and bread

People who do not eat enough of these foods, such as those on a very strict diet, vegetarians, or people with poor nutrition, are at risk of developing anemia.

4. Infections and Diseases

Some illnesses can destroy red blood cells or stop the body from making enough of them. These include:

Malaria - A serious disease spread by mosquitoes that destroys red blood cells. It is common in tropical countries.
Kidney Disease - The kidneys help produce a hormone called erythropoietin, which tells the body to make red blood cells. If the kidneys are not working well, the body may not produce enough red blood cells, leading to anemia.
Autoimmune Diseases - Some diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, cause the immune system to mistakenly attack the body's own red blood cells.

• Chronic Infections - Long-term infections, such as tuberculosis or HIV, can lower red blood cell production and cause anemia.

5. Genetic Disorders

Some people are born with conditions that affect their red blood cells. These conditions are inherited from parents and can cause lifelong anemia. Some examples include:

Sickle Cell Anemia - A condition in which red blood cells are shaped like a crescent (or sickle) instead of round. These abnormal cells cannot carry oxygen well and can get stuck in blood vessels, causing pain and other health problems.
Thalassemia - A blood disorder that affects hemoglobin production, leading to fewer healthy red blood cells. It is more common in people from Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian backgrounds.
G6PD Deficiency - A condition where red blood cells break down easily when exposed to certain foods, medicines, or infections.

How anemia affects pregnant women

Pregnant women need more iron than usual because their bodies are making extra blood to support the baby's growth. If they do not get enough iron, they can develop anemia, which can cause serious health problems for both the mother and the baby.

SYMPTOMS OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

When a pregnant woman has anemia, she may experience several symptoms, including:

Extreme Fatigue - Feeling very tired all the time, even after resting. The body does not get enough oxygen, which makes simple activities feel exhausting.
Shortness of Breath - Difficulty breathing even after doing small tasks like walking or climbing stairs. This happens because the blood does not carry enough oxygen to the organs.
Dizziness and Headaches - Feeling lightheaded, weak, or having frequent headaches. This is because the brain is not getting enough oxygen.
Pale Skin and Lips - The skin may look paler than usual, especially on the face, lips, and inside the eyelids. This is a sign that there is less blood flow in the body.
Fast or Irregular Heartbeat - The heart has to work harder to pump oxygen to the body, which can cause a rapid or uneven heartbeat.

SERIOUS RISKS OF ANEMIA DURING PREGNANCY

If anemia is not treated, it can cause serious problems for both the mother and baby, including:

Preterm Birth (Premature Baby) - The baby may be born too early (before 37 weeks), leading to weak organs and the need for special medical care.
Low Birth Weight - The baby may be smaller and weaker than normal, making feeding and growth more difficult.
Higher Risk of Infections - A weak immune system increases the chance of illness for both the mother and baby.
Childbirth Complications - Severe anemia can cause heavy bleeding during delivery, which can be dangerous for the mother.
Slow Baby Development - A lack of oxygen may affect the baby's brain, leading to learning difficulties later in life.

WHY PREGNANT WOMEN ARE AT HIGHER RISK FOR ANEMIA

Pregnant women are more likely to develop anemia because:

They need more iron to make extra blood for the baby.
The baby also takes iron from the mother's body for its growth.
Some women experience morning sickness, which can make it hard to eat iron-rich foods.
Pregnant women may have heavy bleeding during childbirth, which can lower iron levels.

HOW TO PREVENT ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY

Anemia can be prevented with simple steps:

Eat Iron-Rich Foods - Include meat, fish, leafy greens, beans, nuts, and iron-fortified cereals.
Take Iron Supplements - Doctors may recommend iron pills during pregnancy.
Eat Vitamin C Foods - Oranges, strawberries, and tomatoes help the body absorb iron.
Get Regular Checkups - Blood tests can detect anemia early for proper treatment.

HOW ANEMIA AFFECTS CHILDREN

Anemia is very dangerous for babies and young children because they need a lot of iron for growth, brain development, and a strong immune system. If a child does not get enough iron, their body cannot make enough healthy red blood cells, which means their organs and brain do not get enough oxygen. This can cause serious health problems and slow down their development.

Signs of anemia on children

Anemia in children can cause many problems, including:

Slow Growth - Anemic children may be smaller and weaker than others their age. Their muscles and bones may not develop properly, making them less active.
Poor Appetite - Many children with anemia do not feel hungry and eat less food, which makes the problem worse because they do not get enough iron and nutrients.
Low Energy and Fatigue - Anemic children often feel very tired and weak. They may not have the energy to play, run, or do normal activities like other kids.
Pale Skin and Lips - Their skin, lips, and the inside of their eyelids may look lighter than usual because of reduced blood flow.
Frequent Illness - Anemia weakens the immune system, making children more likely to get sick, catch colds, or develop infections.

• Shortness or Breath - since there is not enough oxygen in

their blood, children with anemia may

breathe faster or feel out of breath after small activities.

Irritability and Mood Changes - Anemic children may become easily annoyed, sad, or frustrated. They may cry more and have trouble sleeping.
Learning and Concentration Problems - The brain needs oxygen to function properly. Anemia can slow brain development, making it harder for children to focus, remember things, and perform well in school.

SERIOUS RISKS IF ANEMIA IS NOT

TREATED

If anemia is not treated, it can cause serious long-term health problems for children, affecting their growth, development, and overall well-being.

Some of the biggest risks include:

• Severe Weakness and Fatigue - Anemic children often feel tired and weak all the time. even after resting. They may have trouble walking, playing, or doing daily activities, which can limit their physical and social development.

• Heart Problems - The heart works harder to pump oxygen-poor blood, increasing the risk of irregular heartbeats, heart strain, and heart disease later in life. In severe cases, it may lead to heart failure.

• Delayed Brain Development - Oxygen is essential for brain growth. Without enough oxygen, children may struggle with memory, concentration, and learning, making school more difficult. They may also have poor coordination and slower problem-solving skills.

• Frequent Illness and Hospitalization - A weak immune system makes anemic children more likely to get infections, colds, and other illnesses.

Severe anemia may require hospitalization or even blood transfusions to replace lost red blood cells.

Preventing and treating anemia early with iron-rich foods, supplements, and regular checkups can help avoid these complications and ensure children grow up healthy, strong, and active.

WHY ARE CHILDREN AT RISK FOR ANEMIA?

Children are at higher risk for anemia because:

Their bodies are growing quickly and need more iron.
They may be picky eaters and not eat enough iron-rich foods.
Babies born prematurely may not have enough stored iron from their mothers.
Children who have frequent infections may lose iron due to inflammation or blood loss.

Anemia can affect a child's growth, energy levels, immune system, and brain development. If left untreated, it can lead to serious health complications. The good news is that anemia can be prevented and treated with a healthy diet, iron supplements when needed, and regular doctor checkups. Early treatment can help children grow up strong, active, and ready to learn.

Prevention and Management of Anemia During Pregnancy

Taking care of your iron levels during pregnancy is very important because your body needs extra blood to support your baby's growth. If you do not get enough iron, you may feel tired, weak, or dizzy.

Fortunately, anemia can be prevented and managed with simple steps.

1. Eat Iron-Rich Foods

One of the best ways to prevent anemia is to eat foods that are high in iron. Try to include the following foods in your meals:

Leafy Green Vegetables - Spinach, kale, and broccoli are rich in iron and are great for overall health.
Red Meat - Beef and lamb contain a lot of iron, which the body absorbs easily. Eating a small portion a few times a week can help maintain iron levels.
Fortified Cereals and Grains - Many breakfast cereals and whole grains have extra iron added to them. Check the labels to find iron-fortified options.
Beans and Lentils - These are excellent plant-based sources of iron, especially for vegetarians. They also provide protein, which is important for a healthy pregnancy.
Eggs, Nuts, and Seeds - These foods contain iron and other important nutrients to support your body during pregnancy.

Tip: Cooking food in an iron skillet can also help increase the amount of iron in your diet!

2. Take Iron Supplements if Recommended by Your Doctor

Even if you eat a good diet, you may still not get enough iron from food alone. Some women need extra iron, especially if they are expecting twins, have a history of anemia, or have heavy morning sickness.

Your doctor may prescribe iron pills to help raise your iron levels.
It is important to follow your doctor's instructions on how much to take and when to take it.
Taking too much iron can cause stomach pain or constipation, so always take the correct dose.

3. Go for Regular Check-Ups

Regular doctor visits are very important during pregnancy. These check-ups help ensure you and your baby stay healthy.

During your visit, the doctor will check your blood to see if you have enough iron.
If your iron levels are low, the doctor may adjust your diet or suggest supplements.
Catching anemia early makes it easier to treat before it becomes serious.

4. Other Helpful Tips to Boost Iron Absorption

Eat with Vitamin C

Vitamin C helps your body absorb iron better, so try to eat these foods with your iron-rich meals:

Oranges, strawberries, and kiwis
Bell peppers, tomatoes, and potatoes
Lemon juice (adding a little to your meals can help)

Avoid Tea and Coffee with Meals

Drinking tea or coffee with meals can make it harder for your body to absorb iron. Instead:

Drink water, juice, or herbal tea with meals.
Have tea or coffee at least one hour before or after eating.

Awareness and Government Initiatives

Global Efforts to Fight Anemia

Anemia is a worldwide problem, and many international organizations work to reduce its impact. • The World Health Organization (WHO) WHO provides guidelines on iron intake, proper nutrition, and prenatal care. It also works with governments to improve healthcare services for pregnant women. UNICEF This organization helps provide iron supplements and educates families about anemia in developing countries. • Non-Profit Organizations - Many groups work on projects that provide

nutritious food, vitamins, and health services to communities that need them.

Raising awareness about anemia is very important because many people do not know how serious it can be.

When women understand the risks of anemia and how to prevent it, they can take better care of themselves and their babies.

Governments and health organizations work together to educate, support, and provide resources to help fight anemia.

Local Programs in Kazakhstan

The Kazakhstan government has created several programs to help pregnant women stay healthy and prevent anemia. These

programs focus on:

• Providing Information - Doctors and health workers teach pregnant women

about the importance of iron, vitamin-rich foods, and regular medical check-ups. They explain how anemia can affect both the mother and baby.

Offering Free or Low-Cost Iron Supplements - Many women cannot afford extra vitamins, so the government provides iron supplements to those in need.
Encouraging Regular Doctor Visits - Health programs remind women to visit clinics for blood tests and check-ups during pregnancy. Early detection of anemia makes it easier to treat before it becomes dangerous.

Why Awareness and Education Matter

Teaching people about anemia is one of the best ways to prevent it. When women and their families understand the importance of iron-rich diets, supplements, and medical check-ups, they can make better choices for their health.

• Informed Mothers =

Healthier Babies - A mother who knows about anemia will eat better, take supplements if needed, and go for regular check-ups, reducing risks for her baby.

• Better Nutrition for Families When communities learn about iron-rich foods, they can improve their daily meals, helping not just pregnant women but also children and adults.

• Stronger Healthcare Systems When governments focus on anemia prevention, they improve healthcare services, nutrition programs, maternal care, benefiting the whole country.

Types of anemia on pregnancy and childhood

1. Iron-Deficiency Anemia (Most Common Type)

This is the most common type of anemia, especially in pregnant women and children. It happens when the body does not get enough iron, which is needed to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen.

2. Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia

Folic acid (also called vitamin B9) helps make new red blood cells. It is very important during pregnancy because it also helps prevent birth defects in the baby's brain and spine.

3. Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia

Vitamin B12 is needed to make healthy red blood cells and to keep the nerves and brain working properly. If the body does not get enough B12, it cannot make red blood cells properly.

4. Hemolytic Anemia

This type of anemia happens when the body destroys red blood cells too quickly. Normally, red blood cells live for about 120 days, but in hemolytic anemia, they break down too soon, leading to a shortage.

5. Sickle Cell Anemia (Genetic Blood Disorder)

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition, meaning a child is born with it if both parents carry the gene. In this condition, red blood cells become shaped like a sickle (C-shape) instead of round. These sickle-shaped cells do not move easily through blood vessels and can cause blockages, pain, and organ damage.

6. Aplastic Anemia (Bone Marrow Failure)

Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious condition where the bone marrow stops making enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

The bone marrow is the soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells. If it does not work properly, anemia and other blood-related problems develop.

7. Fanconi Anemia (Genetic Disorder)

Fanconi anemia is an inherited condition that affects the bone marrow and reduces the production of red blood cells. It is a rare disorder that can cause birth defects and increase the risk of leukemia (a type of blood cancer).

How anemia affects breastfeeding

1. Low Energy and Weakness

Mothers with anemia often feel very tired, even after resting.
They may not have the energy to hold or feed the baby for long periods.
Weakness and dizziness can make breastfeeding uncomfortable or exhausting.

2. Reduced Milk Supply

The body needs enough nutrients and oxygen to produce breast milk.
Anemia can slow down milk production, making it harder for the baby to get enough milk.
Babies may not feel full and may cry more often because they are still hungry.

3. Poor Iron Transfer to the Baby

Breast milk contains small amounts of iron, which is important for a baby's brain development.
If the mother has anemia, her breast milk may have lower iron levels.
This can increase the risk of anemia in the baby, leading to slow growth and low energy.

4. Increased Risk of Illness for Mother and Baby

Anemia weakens the mother's immune system, making her more likely to get sick.
If the mother gets sick, she may struggle to breastfeed regularly.
Babies who do not get enough nutrients from breast milk may also have weaker immune systems and get sick more easily.

5. Longer Recovery After Childbirth

Mothers with anemia take longer to heal after giving birth.
They may experience heavy bleeding, which can make anemia worse.
A slow recovery can make breastfeeding more difficult and stressful.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL IMPACT OF ANEMIA

1. EFFECTS ON MOTHERS

Pregnancy and childbirth already cause many physical and emotional changes, but anemia can make things even harder.

Increased Risk of Postpartum Depression - After giving birth, some women experience postpartum depression (a serious feeling of sadness and hopelessness). Anemia can make depression worse because it causes tiredness and low energy, making it difficult for mothers to take care of themselves and their babies.
Constant Fatigue and Stress - A mother with anemia may feel exhausted all the time, even after resting. This can make her feel frustrated, overwhelmed, or unmotivated. She may also struggle with simple daily tasks, like feeding or bathing her baby.
Lack of Bonding with the Baby - A tired mother may not have the energy to hold, play with, or talk to her baby as much. This can slow emotional bonding, making the mother feel guilty or disconnected from her child
Irritability and Anxiety - When a mother feels weak and overwhelmed, she may get irritated easily or feel anxious about not being a good parent. This stress can make recovery even slower.

2. EFFECTS ON CHILDREN

Children need enough iron and oxygen for brain development and emotional stability. When a child has anemia, it can affect their mood, behavior, and social skills.

Constant Tiredness and Irritability - Anemic children often feel tired all the time, making them easily annoyed, fussy, or moody. They may cry more often and find it hard to focus on activities.
Difficulty Socializing - A child with anemia may not have enough energy to play with other kids, making them feel left out. This can lead to loneliness and low self-esteem.
Problems with Learning - Since anemia reduces oxygen supply to the brain, children may have difficulty concentrating, remembering things, and staying interested in school. This can make learning harder and lower their confidence.
Increased Anxiety and Frustration - Feeling weak and unable to do things like other kids can make anemic children feel frustrated and anxious. They may withdraw from activities they used to enjoy.

How to improve mental and emotional health

For Mothers:

Get enough rest and sleep to regain energy.
Eat a healthy diet with iron-rich foods to boost strength.
Talk to a doctor or counselor if feeling very sad or overwhelmed.
Ask for support from family and friends to help with baby care.
For Children:
Provide iron-rich meals to improve energy and mood.
Encourage gentle physical activity like walking or playing outside.
Give extra time and patience with learning and social interactions.
Schedule regular doctor check-ups to monitor iron levels.

Anemia affects not only physical health but also emotional well-being. Mothers with anemia may feel tired, stressed, or depressed, making it harder to care for their baby. Children with anemia may feel irritable, socially withdrawn, or struggle with learning. However, with proper nutrition, rest, and emotional support, both mothers and children can recover and lead healthier, happier lives.

Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Anemia

Anemia can cause serious health problems for both mothers and children if not treated early. The good news is that anemia can be detected and treated before it becomes dangerous. Regular health checkups and proper treatment can help prevent complications and ensure a healthy life.

1. Routine Blood Tests for Early Detection

During pregnancy and childhood, doctors recommend regular blood tests to check iron levels and red blood cell counts.
A simple blood test can show if someone has anemia, even before symptoms appear.
Early detection helps doctors start treatment quickly, preventing severe complications.

2. Treatment Options for Anemia

The treatment of anemia depends on how severe it is:

Mild Anemia - Can usually be treated with diet changes and iron supplements. Eating iron-rich foods like red meat, leafy greens, beans, and eggs helps increase iron levels. Doctors may also recommend vitamin C-rich foods (like oranges and tomatoes to help the body absorb iron better.
Moderate Anemia - May require stronger iron supplements or injections if iron levels are too low.

Some people may need medications to help their bodies make more red blood cells.

• Severe Anemia - If anemia is very serious, doctors may recommend iron infusions (iron given through a vein) or, in extreme cases, a blood transfusion. This helps replace lost red blood cells quickly.

3. The Role of Healthcare Workers

Doctors, nurses, and midwives need to be trained to recognize the early signs of anemia, especially in pregnant women and children.
Common symptoms like pale skin, tiredness, dizziness, and shortness of breath should not be ignored.
Healthcare workers should educate families about anemia prevention, including the

importance of a healthy diet and regular check-ups.

4. Why Early Diagnosis and Treatment Are Important

Prevents serious health risks - If anemia is not treated, it can cause complications in pregnancy and developmental delays in children.
Improves quality of life - Treating anemia early helps mothers feel stronger and healthier and helps children grow and learn better.
Reduces hospital visits - Early treatment can prevent severe cases that require blood transfusions or emergency care.

Diagnosing and treating anemia is essential to preventing serious health problems. Routine blood tests, proper nutrition, and trained health workers can help detect and manage anemia before it becomes serious. By taking early action, mothers and babies can stay healthy, active, and strong.

Conclusion

Anemia during pregnancy is a serious health issue that can affect both the mother and baby. If not treated, it can lead to complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, excessive tiredness, and difficulty recovering after childbirth.

Anemia also affects breastfeeding,

weakens the immune system, and can make it harder for mothers to care for their babies. In children, anemia can slow

growth, cause learning difficulties, and make them feel weak and irritable.

Fortunately, anemia can be prevented and managed with the right steps. Eating iron-rich foods, such as red meat, leafy green vegetables, beans, eggs, and nuts, can help increase iron levels in the body. Since vitamin C helps with iron absorption, including foods like oranges, tomatoes, and strawberries in meals can also be

beneficial. However, in some cases, diet alone may not be enough. Doctors may recommend iron supplements to help pregnant women and children maintain healthy iron levels. Regular check-ups and blood tests during pregnancy and childhood are also crucial, as they allow doctors to detect anemia early and provide treatment before it becomes severe.

Early detection and treatment are essential to reducing the dangers of anemia. When anemia is diagnosed early, simple changes in diet or iron supplements can help improve health. If anemia becomes severe, more advanced treatments such as iron infusions or blood transfusions may be needed. This is why routine health checkups are so important, as they help prevent complications and ensure both mother and baby stay healthy.

In addition to individual efforts, public health programs and government support play a vital role in fighting anemia. Governments can help by running health campaigns that educate women and families about the importance of iron in their diet. Providing affordable or free iron supplements to pregnant women, especially in low-income areas, can make a significant difference.

More education programs in hospitals and community centers can ensure that women receive the information they need to prevent and manage anemia effectively.

By increasing awareness, improving access to healthcare, and encouraging healthy eating habits, we can reduce the impact of anemia on mothers and children. When families, doctors, and communities work together, we can create a future where fewer women suffer from anemia, babies are born healthier, and children grow up strong and full of energy.

Taking simple but important steps today will lead to a healthier and brighter tomorrow for the next generation.

References:

1. World Health Organization (WHO) - Information on anemia, maternal health, and child nutrition.

• https://www.who.int/health-topics/anaemia

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Guidelines on anemia prevention and treatment, especially in pregnancy and childhood.

• https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/micronutrient-malnutrition/anemia.html

3. Mayo Clinic - Medical information on different types of anemia, symptoms, causes, and treatments.

• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anemia/symptoms-causes/syc-

20351360

4. National Institutes of Health (NIH) - Information on iron-deficiency anemia, vitamin deficiencies, and their effects on health.

• https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/iron-deficiency-anemia

5. American Pregnancy Association - Resources on anemia during pregnancy and its impact on maternal and fetal health.

https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/pregnancy-

complications/anemia-during-pregnancy/

6. UNICEF - Information on childhood anemia, its causes, effects, and global efforts to prevent it.

• https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/micronutrients

7. National Health Service (NHS, UK) - Guidance on anemia, symptoms, treatment, and prevention strategies.

• https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anaemia/

Abu Muamar Heba Adnan

Student, Kazakh national medical university named after S.D.Asfendiyarov Scientific supervisor: Beisenova Aizhan Zhumagazyevna Co-auther: Taneeva Gulzhan Tulembekovna

Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050026

E-mail: hibaabumuamar@gmail.com

ORCID: 0009-0009-6414-0559

phone number: +7708 928 5652