The image of Khomai (Humay), a mythical bird embodying wisdom, connection with nature and divine protection, occupies a special place in the rich heritage of Bashkir folklore. This character from the epic "Ural Batyr" not only serves as a guide for the hero, but also symbolizes the deep cosmogonic ideas of the Turkic peoples. In this article, we will explore the origin of Homay, its role in the epic, symbolism and cultural significance, and compare it with similar images in world mythology.
1. Origin and name
1.1. Etymology
The name "Homai" (or "Humai") has roots in Turkic and Iranian mythology.:
In the Persian tradition, "Humai" is a bird of happiness, whose shadow brings good luck.
In Kazakh and Bashkir folklore, the word is associated with the concepts of "sun", "blessing".
1.2. Connection with Samrau (Samruk)
In the epic, Homai is the daughter of the supreme bird Samrau, an analogue of the Persian Simurgh and the Kazakh Samruk. Samrau in Turkic mythology:
It lives on the World Tree (Baiterek).
It lays golden eggs, symbolizing the cycles of life.
Controls natural forces.
Homai inherits her wisdom, but unlike her mother, she interacts with people more often, becoming an intermediary between worlds.
2. The image and symbolism in the epic "Ural Batyr"
2.1. Appearance and miraculous properties
Appearance: A majestic bird with silver or golden feathers glowing like the moon. It is sometimes described with human features (for example, the ability to speak).
Feathers: Have magical powers — glow in the dark, can heal.
Voice: Her singing gives wisdom and comfort.
2.2. Role in the plot
1. Assistance to Ural Batyr:
o Points the way to the "living water", the source of immortality.
o Saves the hero from death by carrying him over the precipices.
o Warns about dangers (for example, about the demon Katila).
2. The keeper of the balance:
o Homai protects harmony between nature and people. In the epic, her actions are aimed at ensuring that the hero does not abuse the power of "living water."
3. Connection with the otherworldly:
o Can transform into an old woman or a spirit, testing the hero.
2.3. Key Scenes
Ural's test: Before helping, Homai checks his courage and purity of thought.
Battle with Katyl: The bird indirectly participates in the victory over evil by giving advice.
Finale: Homai remains the eternal guardian of nature, symbolizing the continuity of life.
3. Comparison with other mythical birds
Homai has parallels in the mythologies of the world:
The Simurgh
Garuda
Phoenix
The Firebird
The uniqueness of Homai: Unlike many mythical birds, it combines family ties (daughter of Samrau), an active role in the fate of the hero and an ethical function (guardian of the natural balance).
4. Philosophical interpretation
Symbol of eternity: Homai and Samrau together represent the cyclical nature of time (golden eggs → new life).
Ecological subtext: In the modern interpretation, Homai becomes a symbol of nature protection, which is relevant for the Ural region.
The feminine principle: Unlike warlike birds (like Garuda), Homai embodies soft power, wisdom and caring.
5. Cultural heritage
5.1. In Bashkortostan
Monuments: Homai sculpture is installed in Ufa.
Heraldry: The image of a bird is found in coats of arms and logos.
Festivals: The image is used at events dedicated to folklore.
5.2. In modern culture
Literature: Mentioned in the works of Bashkir writers (Mustai Karim, Rami Garipov).
Music: Folk bands (for example, "Quraisa") use her image in their lyrics.
Esotericism: In neo-pagan practices, Homai is associated with spiritual enlightenment.
Conclusion
Homai from the epic "Ural Batyr" is not just a fairy—tale character, but a multifaceted symbol that unites nature, man and the divine. Her image reflects:
Traditional values of the Turkic peoples (respect for elders, connection with the land).
Universal archetypes (bird-savior, keeper of knowledge).
Current ideas of ecology and generational continuity.
As the Bashkir wisdom says:
"Homai osahe — baryhyna la shap" —
"Homai's blessing is good for everyone."
Studying this image helps not only to better understand Bashkir culture, but also to see the connection between the myths of different peoples, where birds have always been messengers of higher powers.