PART 2.
ВНИМАНИЕ! ЭТО ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ.
ПОМНИТЕ! КУРЕНИЕ ВРЕДИТ ВАШЕМУ ЗДОРОВЬЮ!
One of the first smoking bans was implemented by Pope Urban VII in 1590. Anyone who was caught smoking near a church could be excommunicated.
excommunicated – отлучен от церкви.
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In 1975, the US state of Minnesota enacted the Minnesota Clean indoor Air Act, making it the first state to ban smoking in most public spaces, although bars were exempt.
enact - принимать
exempt - освобожденный
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In 1985, the resort town of Aspen, Colorado, became the first city in the US to ban smoking in restaurants.
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On 3rd April 1987, the City of Beverly Hills (California) banned smoking in restaurants, shops and at public meetings. However, restaurants in hotel were exempt. Council members were worried that a ban in hotel restaurants would affect tourism.
Council – правительство города
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In 1990, the city of san Luis Obispo, California, became the first city in the world to ban smoking at all public places, including bars and restaurants. By 1998, the ban was extended to the whole of California. Other states soon followed, including New York.
extend - расширять
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On 29th March 2004, the Republic of Ireland became the first country to ban smoking in the workplace, which meant no smoking in pubs and restaurants too. In Norway, similar legislation came into force on 1st June of the same year. Other countries to follow suit shortly after included France, Italy, Germany, Scotland, Wales, England and Spain.
legislation - закон
came into force – вступил в силу
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Just recently, New York City extended the smoking ban to parks and coastlines. This will make it an offence to light up in any of the city’s 1,700 parks and along 23 kilometres of coastline. It will give the city’s Parks Department the power to impose fines similar to those used for minor offences such as begging. These are some of the strictest smoking bans in existence.
coastlines – береговые линии
offence - преступление
light up – зажигать свет
impose fines – наложить штрафы
minor - незначительный
begging - попрошайничество
existence - существование
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According to experts in the US, teenagers who smoke are three times more likely to use alcohol, eight times more likely to smoke marijuana, and 22 times more likely to use cocaine.
according – по данным
likely - вероятно
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A person who starts smoking at the age of 13 will find it more difficult to quit, will have more health-related problems and will probably die earlier than a person who begins at 21.
quit - бросить
health-related – связанный со здоровьем
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Children exposed to smoke may suffer lung diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
Exposed - подвергаться
Lung – легкие
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Second-hand smoke contains more than 4,000 chemical compounds, including carbon monoxide (which poisons the human body). Four of the chemicals (benzene, 2-naphthylamine, 4-aminobiphenyl, and polonium-210) are classified as known carcinogens.
chemical compounds – химические соединения
carbon monoxide – монооксид углерода
poison – яд, отравлять
classify - классифицировать
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About 106,000 people in the UK die each year due to smoking. Smoking-related deaths are mainly due to cancers. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and heart disease. About 30,000 people in the UK die from lung cancer each year. Eight in 10 of these cases are directly related to smoking.
due – из-за
mainly – в основном
COPD – ХОБЛ (хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких)
directly – напрямую