Read the text about air, water and land pollution. Read the definitions (18), find the words which have the same meaning in the text and underline them.
Прочитайте текст о загрязнении воздуха, воды и земли. Прочитайте определения (1-8), найдите в тексте слова, имеющие такое же значение, и подчеркните их.
Pollution started from the prehistoric times when man created the first fires. But it was the industrial revolution that gave birth to environmental pollution as we know it today. Industrialization brought people into conflict with the natural environment. The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal and other fossil fuels gave rise to air pollution. In some cities the air is so polluted that it is hard to breathe: the concentration of smoke is so high. Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals. Transport is a major user of energy and burns most of the world's petroleum. Cars produce exhaust fumes which destroy the ozone layer protecting the Earth from the dangerous rays of the Sun. Smoke pouring out of tall factory chimneys and traffic jams have become commonplace in any big city. Rivers and seas are filled with industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The quality of drinking water leaves much to be desired. Studies have estimated that water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day. The discharge of polluting matter into rivers, lakes and seas kills fish and water plants. Oil spills from damaged oil tankers are extremely dangerous. Oil turns into a thin film which prevents fish and underwater vegetation from breathing and they die very quickly. Extensive use of agrochemicals leads to the pollution of both land and water. The poison that we spray on gardens and grass to kill insects and weeds goes into the vegetables and fruit we eat. Pesticides contaminate land and water when they run off from fields and when they are discarded.
1. The process of making air, water and soil dangerously dirty and not suitable for people to use.
2. When a country or place develops a lot of industry.
3. The air, water, and land on Earth, which can be harmed by man's activities.
4. The gas produced when an engine is working.
5. A layer of gases in the sky that prevents harmful radiation from the sun from reaching the Earth.
6. A long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or can only move very slowly.
7. Unwanted materials or substances that are left after you have used something.
8. A substance that is put on the soil to make plants grow.
9. A chemical substance used to kill insects and small animals that destroy crops.
10. To make a place or substance dirty or harmful by putting something such as chemicals or poison in it.
(Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English)
Vocabulary
pollution – загрязнение
ray – луч
prehistoric – доисторический
to pour – валить (о дыме)
industrialization – индустриализация
traffic jam – «пробка», затор
environment – окружающая среда
nuclear waste – ядерные отходы
emergence – появление
fertilizers and pesticides – удобрения и
consumption – потребление, расход пестициды
fossil fuel – ископаемое топливо
discharge – спуск, слив
to emit – выделять, выбрасывать
insect – насекомое
petroleum – нефть
weed – сорняк
exhaust fumes – выхлопные газы
to contaminate – загрязнять
ozone layer – озоновый слой
to discard – выбрасывать, избавляться
KEYS. Ответы
1. pollution 2. industrialization 3. environment 4. exhaust 5. ozone layer 6. traffic jam 7. waste 8. fertilizer 9. pesticide 10. to contaminate
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