Richard was born on 8th September 1157, in Oxford. Historians describe King Richard I as a very attractive and educated young man. He knew Latin and was fond of music. Furthermore Richard composed poems in French and Occitan. He is known as Richard the Lionheart. This nickname was given for his reputation as a great military leader and warrior and for his knightly courage. His contemporaries depicted him a man of excellent manners, kind to his friends, cruel and merciless to his enemies. Also Richard showed outstanding political ability. In 1772, during the reign of his brother Henry the Young King, Aquitaine was in Richard's possession and he successfully ruled it, suppressing the barons and aristocrats accustomed to independence. After the death of his brother, Richard the Lionheart received a legitimate chance for the English throne.
King Richard I was crowned in Westminster on 3rd September 1189. The new king became famous for his significant military exploits. He was seldom seen in England, spending most of his time taking part in crusades in Palestine. At home the barons, in Richard's absence, strengthened their castles and acted as little kings. The king appointed his brother John as heir. Richard the Lionheart died on 6th April in 1199 and the English throne passed to his brother.
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