The theory of scientific revolutions.

INTRODUCTION

The theme of my work “The Theory of Scientific Revolutions” by Thomas Samuel Kuhn reflects his vision of the world and its understanding through scientific theories and events taking place in any science. At the heart of my work, I took the theme of "Adam's sin", for justification and comparison, and I will try to express the Christian point of view, while combining it with science and its theories. I took this topic meaningfully, since in my opinion it is the foundation and the beginning of everything created by God. In order to understand the course and sequence of thoughts according to Kuhn and to find a correspondence or refutation of these theories, considering through the Holy Scriptures, I will tell you a little about the biography of Thomas Samuel Kuhn.
Thomas Kuhn was born to parents M. Skrook Kuhn and S.L. Kuna in Cincinnati, Ohio. Then he went to school in New York City. It was there that interest in physics arose at a school in Watertown, from which he graduated in 1940.
In 1943, T. Kuhn graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree in physics. After receiving a master's degree in 1946 in natural sciences. In 1949 he received his Ph.D. At Harvard University, he was a junior research fellow. These three years had a strong influence on his choice of activities and preferences for physics, history and philosophy.
His first job was at the Harvard Radio Research Laboratory at the US Bureau of Scientific Research and Development, where he worked on the radar team. He also taught the history of science after graduation from 1949 to 1956 at the personal request of the president of the university, James Conant. In 1957, he made a statement in his book The Koper-Nican Revolution that the Earth was at the center of the solar system. In 1961, he taught the subject "History of Science" at the University of California, where he was listed in two faculties - history and philosophy.
In 1962, the most important work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, was published. She talked about the incompatibility of paradigms. Kuhn proposed the concept of "paradigm shift", and also argued that science experiences a paradigm shift and does not itself evolve in a linear and continuous fashion.
In 1964 Kuhn became professor of history and philosophy at Princeton University. Kuhn published Essential Tension, a collection of essays on the philosophy and history of science. From 1979 to 1991 he was the Lawrence S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
In 1988, Kuhn published a second monograph on the early history of quantum mechanics, Blackbody Theory and Quantum Discontinuity. T. Kuhn was one of the fellows of the Harvard Society, and in 1954 he received the prestigious Guggenheim Prize, and in 1982 he was awarded the George Sarton medal.
In 1994, he was badly diagnosed with cancer, from which he died.
Thomas Kuhn introduced the concept of "paradigm". According to Kuhn, a paradigm is a set of scientific achievements that are recognized by the scientific community in any period of time. The concept itself is not entirely clear, since it plays the role of a vector orientation in a certain period of time, that is, it has its own limitations.
In my work I will try to express the correlation of T. Kuhn's theory with the Holy Scriptures, based on the logic of Kuhn's thinking and his conclusions. I choose one of the directions of writing the work - the direction showing the similarity or difference in the operation of the concept of a paradigm. After writing the work, I will draw conclusions that will reflect all the necessary comparisons and consequences. The literature that I will use, I select based on the writing and expression of the thought of this text for each chapter of my work.

THEORETICAL PART
General concepts of scientific activity

Kuhn introduced the concept of paradigm. This represents a system of fundamental knowledge, or the activity of the scientific community, or its purposeful actions and research. The concepts of "paradigm" and "paradigm dynamics" are closely related. Also, one should take into account the characteristics of the growth of scientific knowledge, which can be expressed in methodological and epistemological characteristics. If the paradigm ceases to operate at any stage of the development of a scientific direction, then another one comes to replace it. This is called the scientific revolution. And it is she who organizes the direction of knowledge and the scientific community in a different way. This means that there are new models and a new knowledge base that ensures the success of any discovery. There are also such opinions of pundits who adhere to the old system, substantiating it, that the methods of cognition have been tested many times. The only thing missing is a new approach in order for the result to meet all expectations. In this case, all theoretical models begin to be revised. Actually, this is what Kuhn calls normal science. After changing approaches and making sure of the right choice, the scientific community will enter a new period of scientific development. According to Kuhn, this system or body of knowledge is generally a research activity that also emphasizes its scientific values in any area. He singled out the following components, or symbolic formulations: the main thing in the paradigm is a model of research activity that can be guided by when solving specific problems. There is a wonderful statement on this topic by the Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov: “No one should be in a hurry to ridicule hypotheses. After all, they are the only thing with the help of which the greatest minds of the world were able to make discoveries.

In order to help solve problems and develop methods of approach, there are experiments and techniques, as well as examples of the operation of such problems. We see our own approach and our own arguments and methods in some problem. That is, only through the definition and the correct approach to the problem, the paradigm gives the correct solution to this problem. What does this choice depend on? We can solve specific problems and at the same time a scientist or a group of scientists may face new problems that will lead to the choice of a new paradigm.
According to Kuhn, we will not find an answer to the question of choosing a single method. Any new problem, in the solution of which we use a variety of methods and approaches, that is, proven methods, and at the same time do not reach the final goal, is called an anomaly. That is, there are new knowledge and empirical facts that do not find their explanation.
“In order to enter into the harmony of the disordered, but now attuning world, a person must, in conscience (and not just the mind), recognize the power of God over himself, himself become the property of God, since the whole world is already this property. Countless myriads of worlds, stars, suns, innumerable septillions of lives revolve within the limits set by the Creator. Stones, water, air, earth, fire - obey immutable laws, into which a person can look, which it is given to him to discover. For what? To teach yourself how to live according to these laws. Those who are subject to physical laws are only an image of subjection to the spiritual laws of God. As physical nature is revealed in natural science, physics, chemistry, mechanics, cosmography and other sciences, so spiritual nature is revealed in the Gospel. Looking at the submission of physical nature to God, a person must learn to submit his spirit to God.
From this quote, we see that it is impossible to subordinate all natural phenomena to any regularities and explain everything that happens in the world within the framework of any theories of interconnection. If we continue the thought according to Kuhn, it turns out that even in the case of some kind of anomalies, that is, unforeseen dead ends that do not lead to the goal, should not cause concern to the scientific community. The reason for this conclusion indicates the temporary nature or failure of the paradigm. An example is Einstein's theory of relativity, according to which everything in the world is relative. And with multiple accumulation of anomalies, even in a single area of some kind of science, we can get a paradox.
We have already said that it is impossible to find one solution formula for all problems. The Holy Scripture speaks about this more clearly and intelligibly, which clearly expresses the laws of the construction of the world, interprets it in this way: “Only the power of God, creating the worlds, is indestructible in the entire Universe. Everything else is fragile and destructible. And it is precisely for this that it is destructible, so that people do not consider the destructible to be indestructible. In the age to come, when the wheat is gathered, that is, people from all ages who have worked the truth and loved God have been gathered, there will be no more danger for anyone to love the creature more than the Creator, and then again, as in Paradise, the destructible will become indestructible. But no one will deify this eternal indestructible nature. All will see only the glory of God and in Her inexpressible light see all life and find the eternal renewal of their undying life.
For the time being, the presence of anomalies does not cause much concern to the scientific community. It believes that the anomalies will be eliminated, and the failures to explain them are temporary. For example, the discovery of the rotation of the perigee of Mercury did not find an explanation within the framework of the classical theory of gravity. It was an anomaly, but it did not cause much concern for the fate of the fundamental theory. Only later, after Einstein created the general theory of relativity, it turned out that this phenomenon, in principle, cannot be explained within the framework of the classical paradigm (the theory of gravitation), it found its explanation only within the framework of the general theory of relativity . But if there is an accumulation of anomalies, if firmly established empirical facts appear among them, attempts to explain which from the standpoint of the accepted paradigm lead to paradoxes, then a period of crisis begins. There is a critical attitude to the existing paradigm. Crises are the beginning of a scientific revolution that leads to a paradigm shift. The transition from one paradigm to another is determined not only by intrascientific factors, for example, the explanation within the framework of the new paradigm of anomalies that the old paradigm could not cope with, but also by external scientific factors - philosophical, aesthetic and even religious, stimulating the rejection of the old visions and transition to a new vision of the world.
Paradigms, according to Kuhn, are incommensurable. They force us to see the subject of research in different ways, force scientists who have adopted one or another paradigm to speak in different languages about the same phenomena, and define different methods and patterns for solving problems. Therefore, according to Kuhn, science is not a continuous growth of knowledge with the accumulation of truths, as the supporters of K. Popper believed, but a discrete process associated with the stages of revolutions as breaks in the gradual, “normal” accumulation of new knowledge.
T. Kuhn drew attention to new aspects of the problems of scientific traditions and the continuity of knowledge. In the era of scientific revolutions, when the research strategy changes, traditions break. In this regard, the question arises: how do new and already accumulated knowledge correlate and how is continuity in the development of science ensured, if scientific revolutions are taken into account? In my opinion, it is necessary to turn to the Holy Scriptures, which can provide answers to all the questions that arise.
“..It is impossible to enter into natural existence without being born according to the law of nature; it is impossible to enter into communion with God, which is our true life, or our salvation, without entering into Christianity through holy Baptism. Such is the divine institution… That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.”

THEORETICAL PART

In this text, I will try to focus both on the very researched problem according to Kuhn from the point of view of science, and to draw parallels with the Holy Scriptures. Ask questions and draw an analogy.
The formation of the paradigm itself according to Kuhn and the identification of features is shown on the basis of an esoteric study, which is revealed through the sign of the specialization of any science. For example, we can draw a parallel through the events of the February Revolution of 1917 that took place. The revolution itself was a bourgeois-democratic coup, the purpose of which was the abdication of Emperor Nicholas 11 from the throne. At that time there were many party organizations, such as the Social Democrats, the Bolsheviks and many others. But, we are interested in the reasons for what is happening. In these historical events, we identify some directions and sequence of possible events. Thus, a certain model is gradually formed, consisting of possible paradigms, conditions and possible solutions. Was it possible to do without a revolution? History itself gave us the answer to this question. These events were provoked: “there was a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless. The Russian rebellion won, the red turmoil began. These lines contained the foundations and meaning of the events. We have the opportunity to speculate about the consequences. What could be in this or that situation. What does the Holy Scripture tell us in this case? Why did such events happen? The answer is simple. It's all from unbelief! People, people did not recognize God, or did not want to recognize. We, standing in the service, have heard and hear many times the words from the Holy Scriptures: “I was conceived in iniquity, my mother gave birth to me in sin.” But the time and the history of the events taking place at that time and now shows that not every believer knows the meaning and meaning of these words. First of all, there is the question of lawlessness. What does it mean? Another variant of a possible paradigm according to Kuhn is being traced, which can change the course of events of the coming time and correct the mistakes of the past. Man himself is born in sins. What is this sin? A person has freedom from God, and consciousness is not for his own, but for life with God, that is, to direct his life and aspiration to the Creator. Only such a vector is necessary for every person to live. Until the moment of the transgression of the commandment, such a state existed in man. He gave them a commandment not to eat the fruit of the tree (the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, Gen. 2:17). The spirit of envy and pride led them astray: wake up like gods, he said, seducing Adam and Eve. They were tempted and ate. The evil spirit told them that God did not want you to eat the fruits of this tree, and forbid you not to be gods. The very beginning of sin also consisted in the fact that they believed the evil spirit, that is, thoughts and feelings poured into the hearts of the forefathers. They did not believe God, but believed the evil one. Feelings and thoughts were defiled after committing a sin: “So this is what He is like ... But we thought that He was so good. So we ourselves will arrange ourselves in defiance of Him. There has been a turning point in the direction of evil. From the above, at this stage, we have every right to express the opinion that a person has since become arrogant and proud. Man has departed from God. What had to be done was done and is still being done to this day. An analysis of the paradigm shows that in this case the community acquires and has acquired a number of socially important problems. According to Kuhn, it can be described as a "puzzle", since it does not have standard solutions, and does not obey the rules of mathematics, physics, science, etc. We all know that every science has its own laws. For example, physics has its own prescriptions and laws according to which methods for solving certain problems are developed. Kuhn, using methodological laws, determined the options for final solutions, and also showed the interactions, nature, and explained the mechanisms for solving such problems. The reason for this was because of the obedience to the laws. Approximately in 1630, scientific works of physicists and mathematicians began to appear, the first discoveries related to the movement of particles and their interactions began to appear. The first explanations were also made about matter, about metaphysical methodological processes taking place in the Universe: there is only matter that has a form and is in motion. Thus, all natural phenomena were reduced to some kind of laws and through which the meaning of this process or the totality of processes was understood. These processes are a microcosm that fits its life into normal science, and we can consider this “life” as the foundation for solving puzzles and explaining what is happening in the Universe.
Yes, we can conclude that Kuhn sees the world through ongoing processes in the field of scientific discovery or processes that precede it. But at the same time, we can say from the above that everything that happened in the world appears, changes, and so on. only through divine providence. Yes, a person discovers something necessary and new for himself, but only by the providence of God. After the fall, human consciousness began to stand far from God. Since that time, consciousness has been in constant turmoil and the search for truth. What was once united has now become separable and the original union is broken: “The suffering of Christ began in the garden, for Adam fell in Paradise. Christ tastes bile in order to heal the sweetness of Adam's bitter pleasure: He is struck with a spear in the ribs in order to heal Adam's rib.
In conclusion, we can summarize: considering and tracing the chain of thought according to Kuhn, we can say that there are patterns in science, thanks to which he tried to systematize the processes in the aggregate, and at the same time assigned each process its own character of action. In general, he understood all his observations as life in the Universe, as a template by which one can find the answer to any questions. In parallel and in addition, the Holy Scripture says: “God is everywhere and contains everything, but he enters free creatures when they betray themselves to Him. Man has been deprived of all spiritual and heavenly blessings, and instead of them he has become addicted to earthly and visible creatures.

PRACTICAL PART.

We have previously pointed out some points related to theories, and how they lead to any result. However, there is a possibility of deviation according to Kuhn, which indicates the lack of completeness of the constructed theories. They are not able to solve the tasks for which they were assigned. From this it follows that a possible scenario implies a new theory. In a different way, events are evaluated and experience is reviewed, and from tracking the sequence of one's actions. We can talk a lot about the choice of the direction of solving the problem, but only the result remains unchanged. If the new theory ceases to work, then in this case a crisis occurs. The philosophy of science shows that many different hypotheses and theorems are possible on the same data. According to the Holy Scriptures, one can say: “Fallen mankind is attached to transient values, stuck to the sweetness of this world, to its illusory wealth, to its equally illusory glory. If there were no worms, rust, moths, locusts, stench, decay, suffering, death, the world would be a living hell. It seems to some people just the opposite: if there were no diseases and sorrows on this earth, there would be paradise. As long as the paradigm allows one to reveal directions for solving a question and find the right choice of an answer, it is used. Moreover, if the paradigm itself is a multi-valued experience for finding an alternative, then it is also used as a means to complete exhaustion. Therefore, according to Kuhn, the change of alternatives occurs only in case of emergency. The main reason for search and change, or interchangeability, is the advancement of science. We can present a good example of this in any production of the necessary material or the search for a way to do this. They also use all the necessary knowledge and tools, the selection of experience and the achievements necessary for this is being carried out. and used as a standard. Kuhn describes at length the direction of the search for the paradigm and the theory of its operation. Comparisons of his paradigm take place at a level that exceeds the alternative of the very development of science. That is, the paradigm for him is a means of solving and searching for truth and answers to all questions. He puts her on a par with nature itself. My opinion on this issue is the following: theory and science are related ties, tools that represent the means and direction of the development of science itself, as well as possible options for the development of events. In no case can we set a paradigm at the level of nature, or above it. Here is how the Holy Scripture speaks about it: “The material world is a staff for a sick soul, its fulcrum, the point of application of the primary forces of the spirit, a staff that helps to go to God, with the ability to use it. Everything in the world is created and everything is allowed for the benefit of man, and from all, even difficult and painful manifestations of earthly life, a person can co-create for himself the path to reaching the paradise earth. The material world is an infinitely convenient possibility of salvation in God, attainment in God. But this possibility is open only to human disinterestedness. For selfishness, the world is one continuous net, bait and death. Many scientists tried to make various interpretations, theories that would allow one model for all possible modifications and crises of the paradigm. These attempts were in vain. For example: “after the fall, dyads appeared - spirit-soul, soul-body, body-flesh, personality-individuality. Dialectics in social and political life - personality - environment, personality - society, personality and state, king and people, leader and mass, hero and crowd, individual and collective, nationalism and cosmopolitanism, religion and ecumenism. Philosophical dialogues: real and ideal, transcendent and immanent, abstract and concrete, subject-object, analytics-dialectics, thinking-contemplation”. This clearly shows that there have always been and will be contradictions. According to Kuhn, it is impossible to choose a paradigm that will have the ability to resolve contradictions that would arise when solving specific problems. At all times and all over the world in all areas of science, such questions have arisen. Moreover, all of them eventually rested on the “paradigm-crisis” system. This is a system that is a certain way of solving or finding alternatives for such solutions, which in the end leads to the inevitability of a "crisis". These paths, described by the author, show not only the contradiction of the system of different scientific approaches, but also the instability of these systems. Yes, it can be said in a certain and concrete approach that the paradigm has no obstacles in the course of solving a certain range of problems. But, even in this case, we cannot rule out the full possibility of a "dead end or crisis." Sooner or later, such a paradigm ceases to exist, because it ceases to cope with the problems that arise with the advancement of normal science. We do not have a standard that provides solutions with absolutely perfect methods. There will always be either the opposite of this decision, or a paradigm shift. That is, there will be a dyad. Holy Scripture speaks of it this way: “The law of the unity and struggle of opposites in the fight against God is one of the basic laws of dialectics, expressing the source of self-movement and development of natural phenomena and socio-historical activity, acting both as a general law of knowledge, and in materialistic dialectics occupies the central place, being the essence, the core of dialectics. What kind of unity does this law speak of? Here is an abyss, darkness at the same time something frightening. For one is Life itself and the source of Life and mind, angelic and human. One - as God is absolutely Beginningless, Almighty.

View of the world: good and evil

According to Kuhn, the paradigm allows you to see the world in a different light. A person sees in each emerging problem his sequence of events, and his new world. The very perception of the paradigm represents some experience and situations that have already been encountered, or will still be encountered. We have already spoken above about the possible directions of development of events. The scientific revolution, which periodically occurs at any stage, is an indicator of a change of views, moreover, this is an indicator and a zero point. From this point there is a shift of the old concept of the new. The facts that remain at the initial stage are the experimental results that complete the paradigm. At this stage of change and addition, all components are assimilated. If the system of paradigms has survived the crisis, then the zone of anomalies will seek a solution with the help of normal science. There is a moment of turning point from a tangled puzzle. This process is a process that can lead to a new event, or to a system of emerging paradigms. As a result of the above, we can recognize two extremes: we see the solution of the task - "good", or "evil" - the transition to the "crisis-anomaly" system. Holy Scripture has its own view on this issue: “Good is called upon to eradicate evil, and evil wages a destructive struggle against good. And if good wants to complete itself through evil, according to Hegel's prescription, then it will cease to be good. Truth, combined with a lie, ceases to be true. Nevertheless, this monstrous mixture is a historical fact, and it is recorded in the history of culture. Such is the ancient wisdom and theosophy of all times and peoples. Thus, the law of the unity and struggle of opposites in the life of peoples has long been trying to enter into force, satanic paracentrism triumphs. This definition fully reveals the position on specifically given directions - two positions cannot be accepted at once. The very studies of normal science, even with selected experimental data, have the opportunity to develop a normal paradigm. Moreover, research is carried out only on verified data that are aimed at the result. And the very set of paradigms and data must be confirmed by laboratory research. At some point in time, we could also speculate that a result-oriented paradigm might change its mind. All laboratory indicators that are contained in the paradigm contain experience and many laboratory tools. But, as a result, we come to the same indicator - consideration of the surrounding world: “the whole world of God around us should always be perceived by us as one great, immense temple of God, in which the Lord himself, his Creator and Providence, is always present. And contemplating His glory and majesty in the world, and from this contemplation imbued with a feeling of deep reverence, we would have to consider and arrange our earthly life, all our earthly affairs in the sphere of this reverent feeling, subordinating the temporal to the eternal, and the earthly to the heavenly ."The author complements the thoughts about the inseparability of structures. How can we understand this, and what does it all mean? The fact is that if we take any problem as an example, then it in itself already speaks about the peculiarities of approaches and a possible solution. Meanwhile, we cannot assert that this particular paradigm is suitable as a means of solving it. We can wander in the ocean of science and try all approaches. But the fact is that over time, science has a certain progress and, accordingly, solutions can change forms and constantly disorient the applicant in the methods of solution. We will always be faced with standard and non-standard solutions to this puzzle. At each stage of a normal revolution, a different diagram of a possible solution will be displayed. We said that not all solutions are adequate and unconditionally fit the paradigm. Sometimes we can rely on long-term experience, and sometimes on the intuition of the choice of approach. If we look at disassembling the problem itself into small structures, then we can see a set of laws and a set of scientific activities, as well as a theoretical representation of the solution to this problem. Even the textbooks that are written and printed for schools and general education are being rewritten at some point during the scientific revolution. This is what should be guided by when solving the given problems. As for the inseparability of structures, we can say: since we know that a problem that has formed at some point in time requires analysis, then its consideration can be modeled on all areas of normal science and progress. The dynamics of modeling depends on the historical facts that affect the rational approach systems. All aspirations of building scientific hypotheses ultimately obey the providential process of the creation of the world - the Creator. “The equality of God and the transformation of man into a god, promised by the serpent during temptation, takes on a tragicomic character in the biblical story: the “god” Adam, after the fall, is a digger, cultivating the earth in the sweat of his brow, and the “goddess” Eve, giving birth in illnesses! But since Theosophy justifies the devil and Adam, who followed him, the consequences of the fall accuse Theosophy, which turns the tragedy of man into a comedy, of deceit and a God-fighting character. In the course of reasoning about paradigms, problems, theories, anomalies and similarities of these phenomena, at each stage of the reasoning we came to some kind of conclusion or observation. The main effort falls on recognizing the area of ​​the problem that has arisen. It is necessary to navigate in the circumstances that are an integral part of the problems that have arisen. Even when a small problem arises, the old paradigm can open the eyes to the circumstances that have arisen and suggest a solution. In any undertaking connected with the solution of problems, it is necessary to reveal the laws according to which the process of normal revolution operates. The theoretical base is not always a verifier of scientific theories. Over time and numerous tests, the paradigm acquires the status of “experienced”. Therefore, work on solving puzzles can give positive results. We can get results and answers to questions that arise by resorting to Holy Scripture: “Christian simplicity, on the wings of humility and trust in the teaching of the Church, can easily and quickly fly over all dogmatic difficulties and incomprehensibility. For ponderous grounded reasoning and rationality, relying on the power of logic and its own calculation, it is characteristic, stepping tightly on the ground, to wander with limping feet, with great efforts to climb over all the elevations and unevenness of the path. And many could not overcome this difficulty, this truth, incomprehensible to the mind, revealed to us in Holy Scripture, and fell heavily. Also, we have already touched on the theory of a single approach of one paradigm to all the puzzles that we always face. The point is that there is no such paradigm. The paradigm in this case, from the point of view of the author, is a certain world of integrity with its own laws and theories. And this paradigm is valid only if there is some criterion for the probability of a certain approach for it. This means that each unsuccessful attempt to choose these approaches brings us closer to an accurate method for solving this problem. And the development of such a criterion for solving and comparing options requires certain efforts in its development. And all developments will be based on the initial stages of the solution, that is, on the old paradigms. Thus, beliefs in the use of experimental methods of solution are not without foundation. “There are also other kinds of considerations that may lead scientists to abandon the old paradigm in favor of the new one. These are arguments that are rarely stated clearly, definitely, but appeal to an individual feeling of convenience, to an aesthetic feeling. It is believed that the new theory should be "clearer", "more convenient" or "simpler" than the old one. The value of aesthetic evaluations can sometimes be decisive. It follows from this that it is impossible to use several paradigms at once. We can take only one as a basis and develop approaches for its application. Otherwise, we may also encounter many anomalies that repeat independently of each other, and in the end it will all lead to a dead end. The adoption of one paradigm by the scientific community can greatly alleviate the existing disputes in the field of normal science. All the efforts of the scientific community will be directed to the development of theories and principles of the paradigm and the limits of its application. Moreover, the scientific community will be interested only in the finest matters and phenomena. If we sum up the totality of all existing developments and sciences in general, then the existing opinions will not change. The search for an ideal paradigm that will answer all existing and emerging questions of the scientific community also remains a single goal in itself. And also there will always be a twofold solution to any problem: there will always be a struggle between good and evil in the existing world. We can see the consequences of the choice already now according to the Holy Scriptures. It very well describes these moments that affect our lives. Here, it explains these points: “The Holy Scriptures and the Fathers of the Church reveal only one thing to us: “just as in Adam we all became partakers of his sin and sinners, so in Christ we all became righteous. Only to this extent, according to the testimony of the Word of God and the Holy Fathers, can we allow our mind to reach its demands to harmonize this God-revealed truth with it. Whoever goes the furthest along the path of rational clarification of this truth, tries to weigh and balance God's mercy and justice with his miserable human standards, he finds himself in a system of false concepts, in a disorderly chaos of fragmentary rationalistic points of view, far from the real teaching of Orthodoxy.
Thus, it follows from the above that the development of processes in the world is no different from the development of normal science. In both cases, everything has in itself the natural laws of being and existence, which must always be guided. And these laws are the laws laid down by the Creator.

Consequence

When writing this article, I was guided by the Holy Scripture, which clearly expresses the love of the Creator and His laws of the universe. All ongoing processes in the world are a reflection of the immutable laws laid down by the Creator and the Creator. The paradigm that Kuhn describes seems to be a kind of reflection of the physical world. She has her own set of experience and theoretical knowledge. We described in this article a possible approach with the help of paradigms and ways to solve specific problems, and came to the conclusion that this is impossible, since the harmony between God and man was initially upset and broken. This happened during the transgression of the commandment - "disobedience and pride." Man closed himself from God, closed himself from the contemplation of the Creator. And he tries to remake the whole world and its laws for himself; trying to rethink something and find another explanation, but all in vain. From that moment on, everything began to decay, and an irreconcilable struggle between “good and evil” began.

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