Social emotions as a person's experience of their attitude towards others represent an important achievement of age. Their formation takes place against the background of the growth of self-consciousness, positive motivation and assumes not only mastering a certain volume of knowledge (norms of behavior, evaluative categories, cultural symbols), but also development of relations which can be called emotional standards having specific differences imposed by a concrete society and culture at fundamental homogeneity.
Friendship and love are conditioned by the need for deep interpersonal relations. Teenagers quite often make mistakes in the choice of the object. The leading factors of attraction are physical and socio-demographic characteristics of the partner.
The illusions of teenagers regarding the value of the object of sympathy are closely connected with physical attractiveness. The similarity of socio-demographic characteristics of teenagers - social and economic status, proximity to the territory of residence, ethnicity and religion - influences the strengthening of social attitudes and stereotypes, strengthens sympathy, confirming the integrity of the internal image of the world of partners.
Love is based on a model of attachment and new functionalities (symbolizing the process of growing up, strengthening of sexual differences in order to combine them on the principle of complementarity, preparation to experience more complex feelings between a man and a woman).
The forms of expression of love are diverse, and love is found in the intimacy of hatred and jealousy, in platonic experiences that develop into erotic and sexual attraction. As a symptom or symbol, it indicates a teenager's transition to adulthood and imitation of mature forms of behavior.
A sense of hatred has a protective function, protecting against negative experiences, a specific feeling mechanism in which hatred is a manifestation of love. The first love of a teenager often turns into hatred or, on the contrary, grows out of it.
Jealousy is often accompanied by teenage love: both of these feelings are able to pass through each other, as jealousy is associated with the threat of losing another person's love and affection, and the fear of losing oneself as a result of the severance of symbiotic relationships associated with one's own death. The feelings of love and jealousy are practically merged. The challenge in this context is to develop a person's identity and positive sense of self.
A sense of loneliness is often caused by self-confidence and can accompany separation when one moves to a higher level of personal development.
Fears are age-specific and are dominated by fear of the death of parents and the associated fears of social calamities, such as war. Another group of widespread teenage fears is fear of their own death, fire and aggression. There are gender differences in fear and anxiety reactions among adolescents: boys are more likely to have fears of disease, girls are more likely to have fear of elements, confined space and heights, and in general adolescent girls have a higher level of fear than boys
The symptoms of hypochondrial syndrome are unjustified and exaggerated complaints of poor physical condition.
The structure and manifestation of certain forms of aggression in adolescence are conditioned by age and sexual properties. Adolescent boys are distinguished by the severity of all forms of aggressive behavior, compared to girls.
At present, the emotional state of children and adolescents is predominantly studied, in particular the emotional state of children with special educational needs. It is difficult to identify a single underlying emotion in adolescence, but the most characteristic condition, in our view, is anxiety or emotional stress.
The point of view on structural forming emotions in adolescence is characterized by a combination of monomodal and polymodal theories of emotions, because we distinguish one background emotional state - anxiety, characterizing a high degree of excitement and dynamism of processes in the emotional sphere, as well as a set of diverse emotions.
Structurally forming emotions, as a matter of fact, are central in the emotional sphere of a personality, uniting multidirectional tendencies. In comparison with the fundamental basic emotions, primary in origin, and secondary derivatives, structural forming are a link between individual emotional phenomena.
Thus, emotions in adolescence form a complex dynamic structure, including a spectrum of ambivalent, wall and asthenic, progressive and regressive emotional states. The absence of a stable state of tranquility implies movement, structural adjustment, inability to independently organize and control emotional phenomena, and a non-equilibrium state of an individual's emotional sphere.