Research and experimentation in space.
Today, there are many different experiments and experiments taking place in space. Therefore, I will highlight one, the most common and important research - biological.
One way or another, life on our planet owes its origin to the combination of cosmic and planetary conditions, and now as a result of a long evolution and in the person of its representative, a human being, it goes directly to the universe. This, apparently, is the pattern of development of life, no longer related to the past, but to the future. Cosmos, the planet and space again - that's the universal cycle of life, demonstrated by mankind nowadays. The life born on the Earth, going beyond the limits of a planet, thereby reveals the space aspiration. This is the "evolutionary" significance of the space age we are experiencing.
Earth's microorganisms can be found at altitudes of up to 100 kilometers. This boundary marks the limit of natural expansion of earthly life towards outer space. However, a man with the help of space rocket technology, that is, "artificially", not only goes into space himself but also takes animals and plants with him. At the beginning (and it is already being done now) the influence of space flight conditions on the representatives of earthly life is studied, and in the long run, it is necessary to explore a new living space, to experience it.
The purposes of biological experiments in space are multi-faceted, they serve to solve such practical tasks of cosmonauts as determination of the degree of danger of orbital flight for a living being (including, of course, for a human being himself), determination and creation of an opportunity to include plants in the life support system, to use them in space flights as carbon dioxide absorbers, suppliers of oxygen and foodstuffs. In addition, space bio-experiments are of fundamental scientific importance. For example, they help to clarify the effect of radiation and weightlessness on one of the mysterious mechanisms of living things - the genetic code, on the "recording" of hereditary traits transmitted from parent to child, from one living organism to another.
Undoubtedly, it is important both for practice and science to study the behavior of organisms in a long-term state of weightlessness. In terrestrial conditions, such a state can only be imitated (say, the training of astronauts in spacesuits in the aquatic environment) or partially created for only a few minutes (training in a steeply decreasing, "falling" plane). Scientists believe that by knowing the reaction of a living person to weightlessness, it is possible to experimentally reveal the role of gravity in the origin and formation of life on Earth, that is to solve the most important scientific and ideological problem - to test the very cosmological hypothesis of gravity as the determinant of the main stages of development of life, which we talked about.
Biological experiments in space are delicate and very specific. Let's start with the fact that such experiments are often carried out without the direct participation of researchers, on automatic satellites. For this purpose, we use complex and at the same time, as light and compact equipment as possible, which is an indispensable requirement for putting payloads into orbit. For higher animals, for example, automatic systems are being developed to supply oxygen for breathing, food, and drink, and to remove waste. The first living creature to leave the planet was the dog Laika, launched in 1957 on the second Soviet satellite a month after the launch of the famous first satellite. Dogs have launched afterward, returning alive and well. And in 1983 and 1985, monkeys flew into space and also safely returned to Earth.
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