Ecological habits of sunflower
Sunflowers can be grown in all seasons, mainly in summer and winter. The flowering period can be more than two weeks. Varieties can be divided into "ordinary ornamental" varieties or "edible" species, and individual ornamental varieties are characterized by shorter plants, usually no more than half a meter. Ornamental sunflowers are therefore suitable for planting in potted plants; for edible varieties, the plants are taller and planted in normal open nursery soils, which can be as long as 2 meters or more. The growth of sunflowers is agile, and the flowering period is long enough for more than two weeks. The growth of sunflower is closely related to temperature, moisture, light, and soil.
Temperature
Sunflower is native to the tropics, but it has a strong adaptability to temperature. It is a warm and cold-tolerant crop. The seeds have strong cold tolerance, and the local temperature is stable. When the temperature is above 2 °C, the seeds begin to germinate; at 4 to 5 °C, the seeds can germinate and root; when the ground temperature reaches 8-10 °C, the seed germination and emergence can be satisfied. The optimum temperature for germination is 31 to 37 ° C, and the maximum temperature is 38 to 44 ° C. Sunflowers grow normally during the entire growth process as long as the temperature is not lower than 10 °C. In the appropriate temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the development.
Moisture
Sunflower plants are tall, dense and dense, and are crops that consume more water. It absorbs 1.74 times more water than corn. However, due to its growth and development, it is synchronized with local rain and heat, and the contradiction between water supply and demand is not prominent. The requirements for water in different growth stages of sunflower vary widely. From sowing to bud, it is more drought-resistant and requires less water, only 1.9% of total water demand. Appropriate drought is conducive to root growth and enhanced drought resistance. It is the peak of water demand, and the water demand accounts for about 43% of the total water demand. The lack of water in this period has a great impact on production. This stage coincides with more rainfall, which basically meets the water needs of sunflower growth and development. If it is too dry, it needs to be replenished. Flowering to maturity requires more water, accounting for 38% of the total water. If the water is insufficient, it not only affects the yield but also reduces the oil content.
illumination
Sunflowers are short-day crops. But it is not very sensitive to the reaction of sunshine. For example, under the sunshine conditions in Tianjin, it can mature and mature without special treatment. Sunflowers like plenty of sunlight, and their seedlings, leaves, and discs have a strong light. The sunshine is sufficient, the seedlings are strong and can prevent the growth of the seedlings; the mid-term fertility is sufficient, which can promote the vigorous growth of stems and leaves, normal flowering and pollination, and improve the speed setting rate; the sunshine is sufficient in the late growth period, and the seeds are full and full.
Soil
Sunflowers have low soil requirements and can grow on all types of soils, from fertile soils to dry land, infertile, saline-alkali soils. Has a strong salt and alkali resistance, which is because sunflower habits have the following habits:
Sunflower cultivation technique
Site selection
For sunflower cultivation, plots with flat land, medium fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, and relatively small soil viscosity should be selected. It should not be repeated. Breeding offspring by seed, peat soil is suitable for sowing. Seed dressing with a new high-fat membrane before sowing can repel underground pests, isolate virus infection, and increase seed germination rate.
Seed
The seed is first soaked in warm water, then planted in the soil with the tip of the seed facing down, and it can germinate in about 4 to 5 days.
Field management
Field management is an important part of cultivating robust plants to achieve high quality and high yield. As the saying goes:
Three minutes, seven points.
Legend
Regarding sunflowers, there was a beautiful Greek mythology. Clytie is a marine goddess. She was the lover of the sun god Helius, but later Helios fell in love with the Persia princess Leucothoe. Cloutier, who was burned in anger, told the Percha king, Orchamus, about the relationship between Kotoe and Helios. Earkamus ordered the buried daughter to be buried alive. After hearing about the incident, Helios completely cut off the contact with Clutier. The infatuated Clutieu did not eat or drink for a few days, staring at Helios driving the solar car to the east and west, and gradually became a sunflower (sunflower).
