If the cat's health is judged according to the usual mental state, it can also be judged according to psychological and physiological conditions, and many masters only understand the cat's feeding and nursing, but do not understand the cat's physiological system and neglect the health of many cats. Everyone introduces the cat's physiological system and hopes to help everyone keep the cat.
Cat Physiological System Introduction
If the cat's health is judged according to the usual mental state, it can also be judged according to psychological and physiological conditions, and many masters only understand the cat's feeding and nursing, but do not understand the cat's physiological system and neglect the health of many cats. Everyone introduces the cat's physiological system and hopes to help everyone keep the cat.
First, the normal physiological indicators of cats
Body temperature: 38-38.5 ° C
Breathing: 20-30 minutes
Pulse: 120-140 minutes
First estrus: 180-240 days after birth
Estrus days: 3-10 days
Estrus season: every spring and autumn
Breeding age: 1 year old or older
Pregnancy time: 64+4 days
Number of litters: 3-5
Weaning time: 45 days after birth
Adult cat weight: 3-4 kg
Average life expectancy: 14-21 years
Second, the cat's physiological system introduction
The cat's nervous system consists of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
The cat's endocrine system mainly refers to the non-tubular glands that secrete hormones in the body, that is, the glands do not have a catheter, and the secreted hormones are directly released into body fluids and blood, mainly including the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, islets, and pituitary gland. And gonads and so on.
The cat's digestive system consists of two parts: the digestive tract and the digestive gland. The digestive tract includes the oral cavity, the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, and the anus. The oral cavity can be divided into the vestibular part: the cheek and the oral cavity. The adult cat has 30 teeth in its mouth, 16 upper jaws, 14 lower jaws, and 26 baby teeth. The esophagus is a relatively straight tube, located on the dorsal side of the trachea, consisting of the muscular layer, the submucosa, and the mucosa. The cat's stomach is a single stomach. The small intestine includes the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The total length of the small intestine is three times longer than that of the cat's body; the large intestine includes the cecum, colon and rectum, and the cecum is underdeveloped; the cat's intestinal wall is thick and wide, with obvious characteristics of carnivores. . The digestive gland includes five pairs of salivary glands (subarachnoid, submandibular gland, sublingual gland, carious gland and subphrenic gland), liver, pancreas, gut gland and stomach gland.
The cat's respiratory system includes the nose, throat, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The nasal cavity is divided into two parts by the middle jaw, the inner surface is covered with a mucous membrane, and the posterior part of the nose is covered by an olfactory mucosa with an olfactory nerve. The larynx consists of thyroid cartilage, ring cartilage, and epiglottis cartilage. It is also a vocal organ. The trachea and bronchi are the channels of breathing. The lungs of the cat are divided into two leaves, the right lung is larger than the left lung, and the lung weighs about 19 grams; the total area of the alveoli after deployment is 7.2 square meters. Healthy cats have chest-abdominal breathing, that is, both the chest and the abdomen are undulating while breathing, and the number of breaths per minute is 15-32. After the ambient temperature is increased or activated, the number of breaths may increase physiologically.
The cat's urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidney is broad bean-shaped, not lobulated, located on both sides of the abdominal cavity, close to the dorsal wall, between the third and fifth lumbar vertebrae, the right kidney is slightly ahead of the left kidney; the weight is about 0.34% of body weight. There is a rich capsule vein on the renal capsule, which is a unique feature of the cat kidney. The bladder is pear-shaped and is located on the ventral surface of the rectum behind the abdominal cavity. After the kidneys are formed, the urine enters the renal pelvis from the tip of the kidney nipple, enters the bladder through the ureter, and is finally discharged through the urethra. Cats have a 24-hour urine output of 100-200 ml and a urine specific gravity of 1.055.
Male cat reproductive organs include testis, epididymis, sugar canal, prostate, urethra, scrotum and penis, but no seminal vesicles. Sperm is formed in the testes and stored in the epididymis. During mating ejaculation, semen is delivered from the penis into the vagina through the vas deferens and urethra. The reproductive organs of female cats include the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina. The egg matures in the ovary, enters the uterus by the fallopian tube, and combines with the sperm of the male cat in the uterus to form a fertilized egg, which makes the female cat pregnant. There are 5 nipples on each side of the ventral side of the female cat, two of which are on the chest and three on the abdomen.
Knowing the cat's physiological system will help the owner to understand the cat, thus playing a better breeding condition. Many times, the problem of facing the cat is helpless because we don't know enough about the cat, so we know more about the cat. It is harmless.