The horse is well-proportioned, with long limbs, a third toe, a hoof, and a second and fourth toe degeneration, with only the degenerate metacarpal and metatarsal. The limbs are highly specialized, the tibia and femur are short, the tibia and fibula are long, and the ulna and tibia are retracted. The third toe develops, the metacarpal bone is very long, and the toe (finger) bone is relatively short single hoof. The cheek tooth has a high crown; the upper enamel layer has fine folds.
Like to live in groups, usually consisting of a stallion, several mares, and their offspring. Each population has a clear range of activities and migrates at a rate of 5-10 km per day. The wild horses feed on the weeds, Halcyon, reeds, and red willows in the desert. In winter, they can plan to spread snow and eat dry grass.
Individuals in the group often clean each other's skin after eating, gently rubbing each other's armor, shoulders, back, buttocks, etc. Sometimes you also do your own care, such as rolling, self-brushing and dispelling mosquitoes and flies. The wild horse communicates with the sound, the smell and the ears, the ground, the wipes and so on.
Basic introduction
Horses are herbivorous livestock. In ancient times, horses were the main driving force for agricultural production, transportation, and military activities. With the invention and wide application of power machinery, the service value of horses has dropped significantly in some industrialized countries. Field operations have almost been replaced by tractors.
Horses are mainly used for equestrian sports and milk production, and the amount of breeding is greatly reduced. However, in some developing countries and regions, horses are still mainly used in service and are an important source of service. Is there a weight?
The original hoofed animal originated from the early 20th century, and the most primitive ancestor was the original hoof. The body is about 1.5 meters long, the head and tail are very long, the limbs are short and heavy, walking. Slow, often on forests or tropical plains, feeding on plants.
The body is short, with five toes on all four limbs, and the middle toe is more developed. The original new horse, or the first ancestor, who lived in the early period of the Third Epoch, 58 million years ago, is about 40 cm tall. The forelimbs are low with 4 toes; the hind legs are high with 3 toes. The teeth are simple and suitable for tropical forest life.
After entering the Miocene, the dry grassland replaced the moist shrub forest, and the function and structure of the Equine animal changed conspicuously: the body became enlarged, the limbs became longer, and became a single toe; the teeth became hard and complicated. After the evolution of the evolutionary stages of the gradual new horse, the new Chinese horse, and the new horse, the Quaternary Pleistocene was presented as a single-hoof.
The horse is domesticated by the wild horse. China is one of the first countries to start domesticating horses. From the Dawenkou culture period in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and Jiangsu and the relics of the Yangshao culture period, it is proved that several wild horse variants have been domesticated for about 6000 years ago. For livestock. The domestication of horses is later than dogs and cattle.
Horse
Animal kingdom, chordate gate, vertebrate sub-gate, lactation, hoofed, equine, equine.
The size of horses of different breeds varies greatly. Heavy-duty varieties weigh up to 1200 kg and have a height of 200 cm; small varieties weigh less than 200 kg and have a height of only 95 cm. The so-called pocket pony is only 60 cm high. The head is straight and long, and the ears are short. The limbs are long, the bones are solid, the tendons and ligaments are well-developed, and the attachments of the palm rests (commonly known as the night eye) are attached.
The hoof is hard and can quickly run on the hard ground. The coat color is complex, mostly in the scorpion, chestnut, cyan and black; The sweat glands are developed, which is good for regulating body temperature, not afraid of severe cold and heat, and easy to adapt to the new environment.
The chest is deep and wide, and the heart and lungs are developed, suitable for running and intense labor. The esophagus is narrow, the stomach is single, and the large intestine, especially the cecum, is abnormally developed, which helps digestion and absorption of roughage.
Continuation in the next part...(https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5d92511b5ba2b500adbc59e6/gracefulness-and-splendor-of-the-horsepart-2-5d959322433ecc00b02a70bf)