1. Introduction
Autonomous vehicle is also called smart cars, unmanned autopilot, autonomous navigation or wheeled mobile robots, is important applications for outdoor mobile robots in the field of transportation. The Autonomous vehicle system is an integrated system that integrates environmental perception, automatic control, architecture, artificial intelligence, visual computing, planning and decision making. It is a vehicle system that takes full account of traffic lane and coordinated planning. It is also an important part of intelligent transportation system. Unmanned car technology to change the traditional driving experience of the traditional driving experience, it is uncontrollable driver from the driving position removed, not only greatly enhance the efficiency of the transport system and safety performance also makes people bid farewell to the long-distance boring driving, And thus improve the social benefits and protect the personal safety. Unmanned car technology to change the traditional driving experience of the traditional driving experience, it is uncontrollable driver from the driving position removed, not only greatly enhance the efficiency of the transport system and safety performance also makes people bid farewell to the long-distance boring driving, And thus improve the social benefits and protect the personal safety. Unmanned car technology to change the traditional driving experience of the traditional driving experience, it is uncontrollable driver from the driving position removed, not only greatly enhance the efficiency of the transport system and safety performance also makes people bid farewell to the long-distance boring driving. And thus the autonomous vehicles improve the social benefits and protect the personal safety. Pilotless technology is generally divided into six grades, with complete manual driving, auxiliary driving, partial module automation, automation under specific conditions, high automation, and fully automated pilotless driving.
2. The Development of Unmanned Vehicles
2.1. Development Status of Foreign Unmanned Vehicles
As early as the mid-20th century, many developed countries began to proceed with a series of unmanned vehicles. A small number of research and development models are close to mass production, in the United States and Europe, allowing the development of the autopilot driving on the road is becoming a common phenomenon. In 2000, Toyota Motor Corporation for the first time developed an unmanned bus. The bus's autopilot system consists of fleet driving, road grooming, operations management and safety protection. The magnetic sensor in front of the vehicle chassis is mainly based on the permanent magnet buried in the middle of the road to ease, and then to control the direction and speed of vehicle driving. In 2007, an unmanned car Boss, consisting of a converted, finished the unmanned car on a complex barrier track in the city. In early April of this year, an Audi unmanned car completed a 3400-mile trip on American Highway, which proves to us that the computer is much more obedient than the human brain. Unmanned system supplier Delphi, to the Audi QS installed radar, camera and laser sensors, etc., successfully control it from San Francisco to New York, although most of the trip is carried out on the highway, but 99% of the time It was driven by its own.
2.2. The Development of Domestic Unmanned Vehicles
China independently developed autonomous vehicles——By the National Defense Science and Technology University independently developed the HQ3, July 14, 2011 for the first time completed from Changsha to Wuhan 286 km high-speed full-driving test. In the experiment, the red flag HQ3 unmanned vehicle to achieve 67 times overtaking, it is worth mentioning that the experimental road conditions were fog, rainy complex weather. Baidu has started autonomous vehicle R & D program. and it is in the domestic leading position precently. According to plan, baidu unmanned vehicles can automatically identify traffic signs and traffic information by radar, camera, global satellite navigation and other electronic facilities, and install the synchronization sensor. Owners as long as enter the destination, the car can automatically travel to the destination. During the process of driving, the car will upload traffic information via the sensing device, In a large number of data based on real-time location analysis, to determine the direction and speed of travel.
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